Actually in networks we will consider the elements like resistance, inductance, capacitance as lumped elements for simplicity, like this in power systems we will consider the transmission line parameters(resistance, inductance, capacitance) as lumped elements, because we will calculate all the parameters of power systems with respect to receiving end or sending end but not with respect to middle of the line. If a fault occurs on transmission line then we should not consider the lumped elements of that total transmission line, we should consider the lumped elements from sending end to the point where the fault is occurred.
Circuit parameters can be classified as:1-- Active or Passive2-- Linnear or Non-linnear3-- Unilateral or Bilateral4-- Lumped or Distributive1-- Active or Passive:Those circuit elements that supply energy to an energised circuit are called active circit elements. Eg.: Voltage source, current source,etc.Note: It is important to note that dependent sources cannot be placed under this category as they depend on the value of current or voltage in any other branch of the network.Passive circuit elements, on the other hand, are those elements that use up the energy supplied by the active sources and\or do not supply their own energy to the circuit.Eg.: Resistor, capacitor, inductor, etc.Note: It is important to note that a capacitor does store energy and also supplies it back to the circuit but this energy is not of its own, instead it's the energy supplied by some active component. Hence, it cannot be placed under the category of active circuit parameters.Thus an energised network(or a circuit) consists of both active and passive elements.2--
Lumped systems are those systems in which electrical properties like R, L, C etc are assumed to be located on a small space of the circuit. these systems are applicable for low frequency application. On the other hand Distributed systems assume that electrical properties R, L, C etc are distributed across the entire circuit. these systems are applicable to for high (microwave) frequency application. Unlike the lumped element model, it assumes non-uniform current along each branch and non-uniform voltage along each node.
If two circuit elements (e.g., two resistors) are in series (a series circuit), the current has to pass first through one, then through the other. If they are in parallel, the current has a choice, through which of the elements it passes.
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The circuit is callaed lumped circuit whose elements can seprate(eg rectifier circuit in pcb). but in the distributed circuit we can seprate the elements from the circuit(eg transmision lines)
Actually in networks we will consider the elements like resistance, inductance, capacitance as lumped elements for simplicity, like this in power systems we will consider the transmission line parameters(resistance, inductance, capacitance) as lumped elements, because we will calculate all the parameters of power systems with respect to receiving end or sending end but not with respect to middle of the line. If a fault occurs on transmission line then we should not consider the lumped elements of that total transmission line, we should consider the lumped elements from sending end to the point where the fault is occurred.
A lumped circuit is a circuit where the physical dimensions of the components are small compared to the wavelength of the signals being used. It allows for simplified analysis without considering the distributed nature of the circuit. Components in a lumped circuit are represented as single points.
simply defining Lumped elements are components available in market i.e., resistors,capacitors,inductors...... Whereas Distributed elements are inbuilt property( resistance,capacitance,inductance )of a connecting wire
Lumped element resonators use discrete components like capacitors and inductors to create resonance, whereas distributed element resonators use transmission lines to create distributed capacitance and inductance throughout the structure. Lumped element resonators are typically smaller and easier to design but have limited bandwidth compared to distributed element resonators, which are larger but offer wide bandwidth and better performance at higher frequencies.
Circuit parameters can be classified as:1-- Active or Passive2-- Linnear or Non-linnear3-- Unilateral or Bilateral4-- Lumped or Distributive1-- Active or Passive:Those circuit elements that supply energy to an energised circuit are called active circit elements. Eg.: Voltage source, current source,etc.Note: It is important to note that dependent sources cannot be placed under this category as they depend on the value of current or voltage in any other branch of the network.Passive circuit elements, on the other hand, are those elements that use up the energy supplied by the active sources and\or do not supply their own energy to the circuit.Eg.: Resistor, capacitor, inductor, etc.Note: It is important to note that a capacitor does store energy and also supplies it back to the circuit but this energy is not of its own, instead it's the energy supplied by some active component. Hence, it cannot be placed under the category of active circuit parameters.Thus an energised network(or a circuit) consists of both active and passive elements.2--
Lumped systems are those systems in which electrical properties like R, L, C etc are assumed to be located on a small space of the circuit. these systems are applicable for low frequency application. On the other hand Distributed systems assume that electrical properties R, L, C etc are distributed across the entire circuit. these systems are applicable to for high (microwave) frequency application. Unlike the lumped element model, it assumes non-uniform current along each branch and non-uniform voltage along each node.
Reciprocal circuit elements are those elements/circuits in which power loss/gain is same at both nodes/ends.In these types of circuits we can check the circuit or connect it in any way.
a simple circuit is made with basic electronics elements
an opened circuit is considered to be possessed with an infinite resistance which totally opposes the flow of current in the circuit and ultimately makes the functioning of elements in the electric circuit subtle
Series circuit: elements are connected one after the other; the current (the electrons, or other charge carriers) has to pass through each of the elements in turn. Parallel circuit: elements are connected in such a way that part of the current will pass through one circuit element, part through the other.
The planets are "lumped" together because they are in the gravitational pull of the sun.