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Electrical equipment such as wiring, circuit breakers, Transformers, and such come in many different sizes with very different characteristics. The transformer, for instance, that feeds your home is much smaller than a transformer that feeds a large commercial building. Wires that feed a toaster are much too small to feed a large air-conditioner.

When an electrical engineer designs an installation, he must decide what size each element must be. He must consider the voltage present to be sure the gear is rated to withstand that voltage. For instance, a panelboard rated for 208/120V cannot be used in a 480/277V installation. A breaker or fuse must withstand a certain instantaneous fault current that may range from a few thousand amperes to several hundred thousand amperes. Is the wire big enough to safely carry the current required? All these decisions and many more may be involved in 'sizing' the electrical installation.

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