What is the difference between a programming language and an Application Programming Interface?

Answer 1

By what I think you asked yes but I can't give you a definite answer because your question does not make sense.

By what I can gather I think you accidently put that is after language.

Application-oriented languages are specialized languages which may be specified and implemented based on general-purpose languages and their implementations. The model used to introduce the specialized languages is based on translation. A simple model supports modifications and extensions of the general language only. An alternative model has an initial phase for defining a semantic basis for the specialized language in the form of a set of abstractions to model the concepts and notions of the application area. The use of specialized languages can be seen as an abstraction process, where several levels of languages (or language parts) are defined.

Answer 2

Application programming languages are high-level languages intended specifically for applications development. Such languages are not suitable for low-level software development, such as operating systems, hardware device drivers or subsystem programming.

Java is an application programming language. Java programs are compiled against a virtual machine rather than a physical one. This is what makes Java such a highly portable language: the virtual machine presents the programmer with exactly the same interface regardless of the underlying architecture, thus programmer need not concern themselves with the machine-specifics; that is handled entirely by the Java virtual machine. Programs need only be compiled once and the resultant code can be executed on any machine with a suitable Java virtual machine implementation (which is pretty much all hardware these days). However, as a result of the interpretation between the virtual and physical machines, Java programs not only execute much more slowly than their machine-code counterparts, they also have no low-level access to the underlying architecture other than through the higher level abstractions provided by the Java virtual machine. As a result, Java cannot be used to produce general purpose software.

C++, on the other hand, is both general purpose and cross platform. It can be used to develop any type of software on any machine for which a suitable C++ compiler implementation exists. The compiler need not execute upon the target machine but it obviously has to be capable of producing the machine-code required by the target machine. While machine-code programs have much faster execution times than an interpreted byte code such as compiled Java, cross-platform programs must be recompiled individually for each supported architecture. Nevertheless, C++ provides low-level access to the hardware to the extent we very rarely need to use anything more low-level than C++, such as C or assembly.

Answer 3

Application Program Interface (API) was created using program languages usually C/C++.
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They are entirely different things, no point in 'comparing' them.