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The most obvious difference is their purpose. A CT is used to provide power system measurements to instrumentation - such as relays and metering equipment. These are typically designed to provide 1-5 amps in their secondary sides. A distribution transformer is used to provide power to costumers. These are designed to provide much higher current.

CT's are designed to give a ratio of the primary current to the secondary - not specifically the same voltage. Due to this the voltage on the secondary side will vary depending on load (from a few volts to saturation level voltages). Distribution Transformers provide a constant voltage at a varying current level.

there are other differences as well - size, insulation, primary connection, etc.

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