What is the difference between procedure-oriented and problem-oriented in C language?

Answer 1

C is neither procedure-oriented nor problem-oriented. C is a structured, general purpose programming language.

Procedure-oriented programs are distinct in that code jumps around -- a lot. They do not have structured loops nor do they have procedure calls (subroutines, functions or procedures), but they do make prevalent use of jump or goto statements. As a result, procedure-oriented programs are often called "spaghetti code" due to the difficulty in both reading and maintaining the program. Machine code and assembly language are both examples of procedure-oriented languages.

Although you could theoretically write a C program using nothing but procedural programming methods, the resultant spaghetti code will be extremely difficult to read and maintain. Imagine if you couldn't use for(), while() and do..while() loops, and couldn't call any functions, not even the built-in functions. You would basically have nothing more than a single main() function with all code contained therein. Even multiple statements enclosed in braces would not be permitted in procedural-programming.

Problem-oriented programming languages are languages tailored to a particular application. Although it is possible to create a problem-oriented language within C, as a superset of C for instance, C itself is general purpose.