Pulsating dc.
Imagine a sine wave that goes above and below the zero voltage level. A 1/2 wave rectifier clips all the waves either above or below zero voltage. You basically have a hump for 1/2 a cycle then zero voltage for 1/2 a cycle, and then another hump and so forth.
Since the output of the rectifier is a close approximation of a sawtooth waveform, then all harmonics starting at the second harmonic are present in the full wave bridge rectifier output.
if filtered and loaded the average DC voltage will increase and the ripple AC voltage will decrease, but the peak voltage is unchanged. this is because the filter capacitor has less time to discharge into the load.if unfiltered or unloaded the voltage cannot change. unfiltered the waveform just follows the half cycle of the input. if filtered but unloaded the output is DC at the peak voltage of the input AC.
In a bridge rectifier, the current output is the same as the input AC current during the positive half-cycle of the AC waveform. However, during the negative half-cycle, the diodes in the bridge configuration allow current to flow in the same direction, effectively converting AC to DC. The output current can be influenced by the load connected to the rectifier and may vary based on the input voltage and the characteristics of the rectifier circuit.
The output degrades to a half-wave rectifier.
The waveform from a half wave rectifier looks just as it is described by its name: half of a full sine wave. That will cause a pulsed or "ripple" effect in the output voltage and current that come out from the rectifier. Whether that will cause a problem depends on the application you are using. For instance, if it is a light bulb, it will appear to flicker at the frequency of the alternating current service that has been rectified, which can be very annoying! If it is a device such as a charger for the battery of a digital camera or an electric shaver, the pulsed output current doesn't matter at all.
to smooth the output waveform
The larger the cap the smaller the ripple at the power supplies output. It smooths the rectifiers output waveform.
Since the output of the rectifier is a close approximation of a sawtooth waveform, then all harmonics starting at the second harmonic are present in the full wave bridge rectifier output.
ANSWER In rectifiers for power supplies, the capacitor size is determined by the allowable ripple on the output. This can be determined by the rate at which the capacitor is drained. Specifically, this rate is the current drawn from the capacitor. Assume a half wave rectifier made from four diodes. For part of the cycle, the output current is supplied by the rectifier diode. This is also when the capacitor is charged. While the rectifier is not supplying current -- when the input waveform has dropped below the output voltage -- the capacitor must supply the current. Then, as the input waveform rises above the capacitor voltage, the rectifier supplies the current to charge the capacitor and the output circuit.
A controlled wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Controlled wave rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform to DC (direct current), and is more resourceful.
if filtered and loaded the average DC voltage will increase and the ripple AC voltage will decrease, but the peak voltage is unchanged. this is because the filter capacitor has less time to discharge into the load.if unfiltered or unloaded the voltage cannot change. unfiltered the waveform just follows the half cycle of the input. if filtered but unloaded the output is DC at the peak voltage of the input AC.
Where a single diode is used as a rectifier you get halfwave rectification when the sinus wave is going positive the diode will conduct but in the negative half of the cycle it will block the current flow so the result wave form will be only the positive half that will be available for half the period of the cycle the other half will be 0 Volt
The output frequency of a full wave rectifier will be twice the input frequency. This is because full wave rectifiers process both the positive and negative cycles of the input signal, effectively doubling the frequency in the output waveform.
The half-wave rectifier is conducting during only half of each cycle, so the fundamental output frequency is 50 Hz, and there are loads of harmonics of 50 Hz. also present in the output.
In a bridge rectifier, the current output is the same as the input AC current during the positive half-cycle of the AC waveform. However, during the negative half-cycle, the diodes in the bridge configuration allow current to flow in the same direction, effectively converting AC to DC. The output current can be influenced by the load connected to the rectifier and may vary based on the input voltage and the characteristics of the rectifier circuit.
An open diode will result in no output from a half wave rectifier, and an open diode will cut the output of a full wave rectifier in half.
If you actually mean rectifier (rather than regulator), then you can determine if it is performing its base function of converting alternating current to direct current by using a voltmeter. If the rectifier is functioning, you should read a percentage (which depends upon whether it is a half-wave or full-wave rectifier) of the AC peak input value on the DC range of a voltmeter. Using an oscilloscope, you can clearly view the half-wave or full-wave unidirectional (positive or negative only) pulses produced at the output of the rectifier. If the rectifier is blown and is conducting in both directions you will see nothing on a DC voltmeter range (the average value of an AC waveform is zero), and on an oscilloscope you will see the full peak-to-peak AC input waveform at its output.