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The 8087 Numeric Data Processor is an adjunct to the 8086/8088 microprocessor, that gives the 8086/8088 floating point capability and 8 more registers. The 8087 integrates itself with the 8086/8088 in such a way that the pair actually becomes one processor, appearing to have the extra instructions and registers to start with.

Since it was an optional add-on to the system, many run-time libraries would detect whether or not the 8087 was present, and either use it or emulate it.

This separation of functionality into two chips was maintained in the product line up until the 80386DX and 80486, although the NDP was called something else (such as the 80287, and 80387) at which point the NDP became a permanent part of the instruction set.

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The 8087 NDP (Numeric Data Processor) is a coprocessor designed by Intel to work alongside the 8086 and 8088 microprocessors, which were prevalent in early personal computers. The NDP was introduced in 1980, and it provided hardware support for floating-point arithmetic operations. Floating-point arithmetic is used for calculations involving decimal numbers, which are common in scientific and engineering applications, as well as in graphics and multimedia processing. The 8087 offloaded these calculations from the main processor, significantly speeding up numeric computation tasks. The 8087 performed operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square roots much faster than software implementations, which relied on the main processor's instructions. This acceleration was particularly important in fields like computer-aided design (CAD), numerical analysis, and gaming. Later, Intel developed more advanced coprocessors, such as the 80287 and 80387, which offered improved performance and additional features. However, with the advancement of microprocessor technology, dedicated floating-point coprocessors became less common as modern CPUs integrated floating-point units directly into their designs.


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