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Thermosiphon(alt. thermosyphon) refers to a method of passive heat exchange based on natural convection, which circulates liquid without the necessity of a mechanical pump. This circulation can either be open-loop, as when liquid in a holding tank is passed in one direction via a heated transfer tube mounted at the bottom of the tank to a distribution point - even one mounted above the originating tank - or it can be a vertical closed-loop circuit with return to the original vessel. Its intended purpose is to simplify the pumping of liquid and/or heat transfer, by avoiding the cost and complexity of a conventional liquid pump.

Courtesy: Wikipedia.

You can see this assembly mounted on chemical agitated reactors, they provide cooling to agitators.

Basically principle is density difference... cold fluid has more density than cold one.. this is reason for motion of fluid. eg. solar heaters

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