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By Reactor I assume you mean a thermonuclear reactor.

Most thermonuclear reactors use Boron rods to absorb radiation. This prevents the chain reaction in the reactor (where uranium nuclei split, each split nuclei further colliding and splitting more nuclei). They steam systems (that drive the turbines) are usually heated by gas or water. That is what the big towers are - cooling towers.

The water is pumped to the top of the tower, and allowed to fall under gravity. this provides contact with the air and has a similar effect to sweating. If gas cooling is used, large radiators (like those on a fridge) use convection currents to move heat away from the reactor.

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Related Questions

What safety features do reactors have toprevent overheating?

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