A substation is not a load but is a place where switching and voltage-level changing takes place. Accordingly, you cannot apply a 'power factor' to a substation.
Substation is the place (in transmission of power with overhead/underground cable) where the voltage level may be increased or decreased. That voltage level is so high that any personnel on its own cannot check/handle it by meters physically. Also the load on the system is never constant so there are fluctuations (ups/downs) in all the parameters of the electricity, like voltage, current, power factor (reactive and active power), frequency etc. So to calculate/estimate those things continuously with the time we need to implement separate monitors for them. This also implies that if any unacceptable change is observed in the power system, it should be immediately solved and continuity of power should be kept. That is the reason we go for control panels in substation. Now in control panels there are all the those things which are required for the measurement of voltage, current total power, frequency, power factor. These are measured at all time of the day. If any fault is observed in the measured readings, then it is cleared immediately, and if it is not able to clear it itself, then the personnel on the substation can clear it by switching off the certain power line through circuit breakers. CBs, relays, CTs, PTs, APFC all are incorporated in control panels. If still you are not clear with what is mentioned above, please feel free to ask me on dishant22@hotmail.com
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When designing the earthing of a substation, major factors to consider include soil resistivity, which affects grounding effectiveness; fault current levels to ensure adequate grounding system capacity; and the potential step and touch voltages to protect personnel and equipment. Additionally, the arrangement and spacing of grounding electrodes should be planned to minimize electromagnetic interference and ensure reliable operation. Compliance with local codes and standards is also crucial to ensure safety and functionality.
The Central Public Works Department (CPWD) specifies that earthing pits should be constructed using copper or galvanized iron electrodes, with a minimum depth of 2.5 meters for effective grounding. The pit must be filled with charcoal and salt to enhance conductivity and moisture retention. Additionally, the dimensions of the pit should allow for proper drainage, and it should be accessible for maintenance. Regular inspections and tests are recommended to ensure the integrity of the earthing system.
According to the Nyquist theorem, the minimum sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum frequency of the input signal to avoid aliasing. Therefore, if the input frequency is 3 kHz, the minimum sampling rate should be 6 kHz.
Yes, because the recommended graphics card is, well, just that: a recommendation. There should also be something that says minimum system requirements, which is what you need to have at the minimum to run the game.
The minimum is factor 15.But it should be much higher for children [factor 25-30].
Minimum: 250MB-3GB or 5%. Recommended: 10%
The minimum recommended age for an infant to use Nestle Good Start products is 6 months of age. The formula is specifically designed for this age group, and should not be taken if an infant is younger than 6 months.
The recommended clearance footage or "fall zone" for a swing set should extend a minimum of 6' from the structure on each side. The fall zone in front and back of the swing should extend out a minimum distance of twice the height of the swing as measured from the ground to the top of the swing support structure.
Minimum of 650 MHz Processor Speed Minimum of 64MB of RAM (128MB recommended) Minimum of 125MB of free hard drive space CD-ROM or DVD drive Win98/ME/2000/XP
The mesh size in the earthing design for substation can be various size depend on the area. For area that does not contain equipment, we could increase the mesh size because there is no equipment to cause touch potential. But if the area is at the corner of the substation, the mesh size should be smaller because to limit the step potential.
No, You can not. You system does NOT meet the minimum requirements. Another note is the minimum requirements also require you to run with all your settings on low. Your computer should actually exceed the "Recommended Requirements" in order to have good gameplay. Game manufactures actually have the "Recommended" and "Minimum" Requirements offset too low. If you plan on upgrading, try to Exceed the Recommended Requirements for optimal gameplay.
Optimal household water pressure should be between 40 psi - 80 psi. If water is supplied by public water usually they supply the minimum pressure. If you have more than 80 psi, a pressure reducer is recommended.
Any SAE certified coolant is recommended for the 2002 Nissan Frontier. The coolant should have a minimum temperature range of -25 degrees Fahrenheit and 120 degrees Fahrenheit.
8 hours a day is the minimum. It is recommended 10-12 hours a day for youth.
For metal roofing you can go all the way to 1/12. For composition roofing 3 1/2 to 4 is the recommended minimum.