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A function overload is a function that has more than one implementation. Each implementation must have a unique function signature, only the name remains the same, however functions cannot differ by return type alone.

Many overloads can be implemented as template functions, where the only difference is the type or types being operated upon. Manual overloading is typically required when the number of arguments differ. Generally, we try to implement function overloads such that one overload provides the implementation for the general case, while all others are expressed in terms of the general case. Where this may result in a loss of efficiency, we generalise as much as is possible and provide a limited number of specialised implementations to cater for exceptional cases.

As a typical example, to find the largest of any two values of the same type, regardless of the type, we can use a template function:

template<typename T>

const T& largest (const T& a, const T& b) {

return a>b?a:b;

}

This function provides the general case. From this we can provide specialisations, such as an overload to cater for three arguments which can be expressed directly in terms of the general case:

template<typename T> const T& largest (const T& a, const T& b, const T&c) {

return largest (largest (a, b), c);

}

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Related Questions

Why use new and delete operator overloading in c plus plus?

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Why do you use of operator overloading in c?

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