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During the start of execution, the microprocessor executes all instructions from BIOS. This in turn fetches the boot sector.

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What is a form description?

The form description starts with a Begin statement and ends with an End statement when writing HTML.


What general categories of function are specified by computer instructions?

1. What general categories of functions are specified by computer instructions?


What assembly language directive indicates the start of the code segment?

The "ORG" (for "origin") statement indicates the start of the code segment. Many assembly language source files start with "ORG 0", indicating that instructions begin at address 0. Many other assembly language source files, such as COM files, start with "ORG 0x100", indicating that instructions begin at address 0x100.


What is sorting in C language?

Quicksort in any programming language is an algorithm for sorting data sequences. It is typically implemented as follows (example demonstrates a quicksort of an array of type int). Note that a half-open range, [begin:end), includes the one-past-the-end of the range and is the conventional means of defining a range of contiguous array values. When begin==end, the range is deemed empty. // forward declarations void qsort (int* unsigned); // this is the function you will actually invoke void qsort_rec (int*, int*); // recursive function int* partition (int*, int*); // utility functions... int* select_pivot (int*, int*); void swap (int*, int*); int count (int*, int*); // sort a data sequence of length size void qsort (int* data, unsigned size) { qsort_rec (data, data + size); } // recursively sort the half-open range [begin:end) void qsort_rec (int* begin, int* end) { if (count (begin, end) < 2) return; // end point of recursion int* pivot = partition (begin, end); qsort_rec (begin, pivot); qsort_rec (++pivot, end); } // divide the half-open range [begin:end) into two around a pivot value int* partition (int* begin, int* end) { if (count (begin, end) < 2) return begin; int* pivot = select_pivot (begin, end); swap (begin, pivot); --end; while (begin != end) { while (*(begin) <= *pivot && begin != end) ++begin; while (*pivot < *(end) && begin != end) --end; if (begin!=end) swap (begin, end); } assert (begin==end); // sanity check! swap (pivot, begin); return begin; } // select the median of three from a half-open range [begin:end) int* select_pivot (int* begin, int* end) { int* mid = begin + (count (begin, end) / 2); if (*end<*begin) swap (begin, end); if (*mid<*begin) swap (begin, mid); if (*end<*mid) swap (mid, end); return end; } // swap the values referred to by p and q void swap (int* p, int* q) { if (!p !q) return; // sanity check! int t = *p; *p = *q; *q = t; } // count the elements in the half-closed range [begin:end) int count (int* begin, int* end) { int cnt = 0; int add; if (begin>end) { // swap pointers if the range is reversed int* t = begin; begin = end; end = t; add = -1; // count will be negative } else { add = 1; // count will be positive } while (begin++!=end) cnt+=add; return cnt; }


When did electrification of railways begin?

in 1890