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That would be firmware such as the ROM BIOS or the EFI. That is Read-Only Memory or a modern variation. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System, while the newer technology EFI stands for Extensible Firmware Interface.

ROM doesn't require in any batteries. Even EPROM, EEPROM, and NVRAM don't use batteries. What did use batteries was the CMOS memory which may be separate from the ROM, though it could be in the same chip or part of the real-time clock chip. That was not Read-Only Memory, since you would use the CMOS setup to change it. If it can't be changed, no battery would be required. When that battery dies, you only use the hardware settings, not the code that brings up the computer.

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What is an important part of the system software which contains instructions that tell the computer how to perform the functions of loading storing and executing an application program?

The operating system is the part that take care of the communications between software and hardware.


Is software a set of instructions that the hardware devices carry out?

yes


The more common name for the programs or instructions on your computer?

Software. Anything that is not hardware (a physical device) is software. This includes both the programs and data used by those programs.


What is the difference between instruction and microinstruction?

In a microprogrammed processor, the hardware doesn't directly execute the instructions in the ISA  The hardware executes very simple micro-operations that are used to implement the instructions  Each instruction specifies a sequence of micro-operations that are used to implement the instructions


What do the hardware and software form together?

AnswerHardware performs the computations, software is a set of instructions we use to tell the hardware what we want it to do.Basically hardware is what carries out the work, and software is what we use, and what we program into it.how does hardware work?If the Q. is what is the HW-SW interface which enables us to use both of them as a system, i would say the instruction set.The Instruction set is the HW-SW interface , instructions are "signals" for the hardware and at the same time appear as instructions to the programmer.This is the bridge between and us the machine.