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Electrodes are named anode and cathode based on their function in an electrochemical cell. The anode is the electrode where oxidation occurs, meaning it loses electrons, while the cathode is where reduction takes place, gaining electrons. These terms derive from the Greek words "anodos," meaning "way up," and "kathodos," meaning "way down," reflecting the flow of electric current in the device. In a galvanic cell, the anode is negative and the cathode is positive, while in an electrolytic cell, the roles are reversed.

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