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ASCII only has 127 standard character codes and only supports the English alphabet. While you can use the extended ASCII character to provide a set of 256 characters and thus support other languages there's no guarantee that other systems will use the same code page, so the characters will not display correctly across all systems (the characters you see will depend upon which code page is currently in use). Moreover, some languages, particularly Chinese, have thousands of symbols that simply cannot be encoded in ASCII.

UNICODE encoding supports all languages and the first 127 symbols are also the same as ASCII, so all characters appear the same across all systems. UTF8 is the most common UNICODE encoding in use today because it uses one-byte per character for the first 127 characters and is therefore fully compliant with non-extended ASCII. If the most-significant bit is set then the character is represented by 2 or more bytes, the combination of which maps to the UNICODE encoding.

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