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A transformer works basically by means of an electromagnet whose magnetic fields induce a current in adjacent coils, but of a different voltage. The electromagnet has wires through which a current flows. Since the wire has a resistance greater than zero (it is not a superconductor) there is going to be some waste heat produced as a result. And the more current, the more heat. If a transformer is used for currents beyond those for which it was designed, it will therefore overheat.

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