Because in theory we study regarding a perfect material but in reality the material will have many imperfections which decreases the stress required to deformed a material.
Median signal strength is a number such that the actual signal is higher than that number 50% of the timeand lower than that number 50% of the time.
Mean Square Error (MSE) in signals is a measure of the average squared differences between the estimated or predicted values and the actual values. It quantifies the accuracy of a signal processing model by calculating the mean of the squares of these errors, providing a scalar value that reflects the extent of error. A lower MSE indicates better model performance, as it signifies that the predicted values are closer to the actual values. MSE is widely used in various applications, including signal reconstruction and estimation.
HDPE has higher density therefore it has greater tensile strength
The real practical cycle refers to the actual performance of thermodynamic cycles, such as the Carnot, Otto, or Rankine cycles, in real-world applications. Unlike ideal theoretical cycles, which assume perfect conditions and efficiency, practical cycles account for irreversibilities, heat losses, friction, and other non-ideal factors that occur in real engines and systems. While these practical cycles are based on the principles of ideal cycles, they often operate at lower efficiencies and have more complex behaviors due to these real-world influences.
A characteristic strength is the strength of the material used for design purpose, and is statistically defined by the lower 5% fractile of a bell curve. Compressive strength is a generic term that could refer to anything
Possible reasons for actual yield being lower than predicted include: incomplete reactions due to impurities or side reactions, loss of product during isolation or purification processes, and human error in measurements or calculations.
Median signal strength is a number such that the actual signal is higher than that number 50% of the timeand lower than that number 50% of the time.
The ideal cycle refers to a theoretical model that assumes perfect conditions, such as no friction, constant properties, and complete efficiency, allowing for maximum performance and energy conversion. In contrast, the actual cycle accounts for real-world factors like energy losses, non-ideal gas behavior, and operational inefficiencies, resulting in lower performance than the ideal scenario. Consequently, while the ideal cycle serves as a benchmark for analysis, the actual cycle reflects the practical limitations encountered in real systems.
The actual mechanical advantage (AMA) of a machine is always less than the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) due to factors such as friction, inefficiencies in the machine's design, and other losses of energy. As a result, the actual output force of a machine is typically less than the input force required to operate it, leading to a lower actual mechanical advantage compared to the ideal mechanical advantage.
The pressure of acetic acid in the gas phase is lower than predicted by the ideal gas law due to intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding between acetic acid molecules. These interactions cause the gas molecules to be more attracted to each other, resulting in decreased pressure compared to what would be expected for an ideal gas.
Mean Square Error (MSE) in signals is a measure of the average squared differences between the estimated or predicted values and the actual values. It quantifies the accuracy of a signal processing model by calculating the mean of the squares of these errors, providing a scalar value that reflects the extent of error. A lower MSE indicates better model performance, as it signifies that the predicted values are closer to the actual values. MSE is widely used in various applications, including signal reconstruction and estimation.
The actual Coefficient of Performance (COP) may be lower than the theoretical COP due to factors such as energy losses in the system, inefficiencies in the equipment, variations in operating conditions, and discrepancies between real-world performance and idealized models. These factors can result in the actual system consuming more energy to produce the desired output compared to what would be predicted by the theoretical COP.
The strength of the chew. Lower the number higher the strength
You need lower body strength in football so you can withstand even the hardest push or throw. Football is all about strength but also about endurance.
It will be LOWER than predicted.
The ideal body type for bobsledding typically features a combination of strength, power, and mass. Athletes often have a muscular build with a strong upper body and core, which aids in the explosive push during the start. A lower center of gravity helps with stability and control in the sled, making shorter, stockier athletes advantageous. Overall, a balance of speed, strength, and agility is crucial for optimal performance in the sport.
The actual freezing point depressions of electrolyte solutions are slightly lower than calculated values because of ion pairing and solvation effects. These interactions between ions and solvent molecules lead to a less effective lowering of the freezing point compared to ideal solutions without these interactions.