You might be wrong: printf and scanf are usable in C++ just as in C. With format specifiers.
Format specifiers in C are special placeholders used in input and output functions, such as printf and scanf, to indicate the data type of the variable being processed. They begin with a percent sign (%) followed by a character that specifies the type, such as %d for integers, %f for floating-point numbers, and %s for strings. To use them, you include the format specifier in the format string of the function alongside the corresponding variable as an argument. For example, printf("Value: %d", myInt); will print the integer value stored in myInt.
There are many types of format specifier. Exp:%d (To show the integer) %c(To show the character) %f(Float are digits with decimal points to use it to show them) %s(String to show the string)
take care of the data types of variables declared and format specifiers
%e expects a corresponding argument of type double; %f expects a corresponding argument of type float.
You can certainly do that ... printf ("This is a number: 12345\n"); ... but that does not have the same value as placing the value in a variable and converting the variable into a string ... int i = 12345; printf ("This is a number: %d\n", i); That's the whole point of format specifiers - to initiate a conversion from one place to another.
Format specifier is a sequence passed the as the formatting data as by argument
format specifier also called as control specifier or variable formatters. format string also called arguments.
Format specifiers in C are special placeholders used in input and output functions, such as printf and scanf, to indicate the data type of the variable being processed. They begin with a percent sign (%) followed by a character that specifies the type, such as %d for integers, %f for floating-point numbers, and %s for strings. To use them, you include the format specifier in the format string of the function alongside the corresponding variable as an argument. For example, printf("Value: %d", myInt); will print the integer value stored in myInt.
There are many types of format specifier. Exp:%d (To show the integer) %c(To show the character) %f(Float are digits with decimal points to use it to show them) %s(String to show the string)
The storage class specifiers in C and C++ are:autoexternmutableregisterstatictypedefA storage class specifier is used to refine the declaration of a variable, a function, and parameters
take care of the data types of variables declared and format specifiers
take care of the data types of variables declared and format specifiers
CPP
The three access specifiers used in a class declaration are public, private, and protected. Public members are accessible from anywhere in the code, while private members can only be accessed within the defining class. Protected members are accessible within the class and by derived classes, but not by other classes. These specifiers help control the visibility and accessibility of class members.
CPP Group was created in 1980.
%e expects a corresponding argument of type double; %f expects a corresponding argument of type float.
Format specifiers are not necessary because we can use the much more flexible insertion operator to insert formatted text in an output stream, or the extraction operator to extract formatted data from an input stream. Format specifiers are simply far too low-level and can only handle built-in data types such as strings, integrals and floats, they cannot handle more complex data types such as classes and data structures and we cannot create new specifiers to cater for them. But in C++ we can simply overload the insertion and extraction operators to cater for any data type we wish, thus providing a consistent means of inserting any object into an input stream or extracting it from an output stream.