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What does the RET statement do in assembly language?
RETurn from a subrutin or interrupt handler.
Describe the sequence of events that takes place when an interrupt is raised?
Interrupt Handling 1. Hardware stacks program counter, etc. 2. Hardware loads new program counter from interrupt vector. 3. Assembly language procedure saves registers. 4. Assembly language procedure sets up new stack. 5. C interrupt service runs (typically reads and buffers input). 6. Scheduler decides which process is to run next. 7. C procedure returns to the assembly code. 8. Assembly language procedure starts up new current process.
Disadvantage of writing OS in high level language such as C?
Nothing. Every modern OS is written in C, except for some little special parts (like interrupt-handling) that are written in Assembly.
What do you mean by int 21h?
In assembly language programming for DOS, "int 21h" refers to a software interrupt that provides access to various DOS services. The "21h" indicates the hexadecimal value of the interrupt, which allows programs to perform functions such as file management, input/output operations, and other system-level tasks. Each function is specified by setting a register (typically AH) to a specific value before calling the interrupt. This mechanism is essential for interacting with the operating system at a low level.
Which command is used for output result in assembly language?
In assembly language, the command used for outputting results can vary based on the specific architecture and assembler being used. For example, in x86 assembly with NASM, you might use the INT 21h interrupt for DOS to output characters to the console. In Linux, the syscall instruction can be used with the appropriate system call number to print to standard output. Always refer to the specific assembler's documentation for the correct syntax and commands.
What does the RET statement do in assembly language?
RETurn from a subrutin or interrupt handler.
Describe the sequence of events that takes place when an interrupt is raised?
Interrupt Handling 1. Hardware stacks program counter, etc. 2. Hardware loads new program counter from interrupt vector. 3. Assembly language procedure saves registers. 4. Assembly language procedure sets up new stack. 5. C interrupt service runs (typically reads and buffers input). 6. Scheduler decides which process is to run next. 7. C procedure returns to the assembly code. 8. Assembly language procedure starts up new current process.
Is pseudo code is a) high level language b) assembly language c) machine language?
in RST interrupt , RST STAND FOR
Why interrupt handlers are written in assembly language?
When an interrupt is requested, the currently running process is suspended and the handler is invoked. When the handler exits, control is handed back to the running process. Since interrupts are practically random and unplanned, when the handler passes back control, it must ensure that all registers and stacks that it used are restored back to the exact state they were in when the process got interrupted, so that the process can resume like as though nothing happened. Access to these registers and stacks can only be done in assembly. Other reasons include the fact that interrupt handlers must be very fast, and since the interrupt routines are very short, they can be hand‐crafted to be much faster than anything a compiler generates.
How will studying assembly language enhance your understanding of operating systems?
Assembly language is a good tool for learning how applications programs communicate with the computer's operating system via interrupt handlers, system calls, and common memory areas. Assembly language programming also helps when learning how the operating system loads and executes application programs.
Disadvantage of writing OS in high level language such as C?
Nothing. Every modern OS is written in C, except for some little special parts (like interrupt-handling) that are written in Assembly.
What do you mean by int 21h?
In assembly language programming for DOS, "int 21h" refers to a software interrupt that provides access to various DOS services. The "21h" indicates the hexadecimal value of the interrupt, which allows programs to perform functions such as file management, input/output operations, and other system-level tasks. Each function is specified by setting a register (typically AH) to a specific value before calling the interrupt. This mechanism is essential for interacting with the operating system at a low level.
Which command is used for output result in assembly language?
In assembly language, the command used for outputting results can vary based on the specific architecture and assembler being used. For example, in x86 assembly with NASM, you might use the INT 21h interrupt for DOS to output characters to the console. In Linux, the syscall instruction can be used with the appropriate system call number to print to standard output. Always refer to the specific assembler's documentation for the correct syntax and commands.
How do you use gotoxy in assembly?
In assembly language, the gotoxy function is often used to position the cursor at a specific location on the console screen. This is typically done by setting the appropriate register values for the desired row and column, and then calling an interrupt (like INT 10h for BIOS video services in DOS). For example, to move the cursor to row Y and column X, you would load Y into the DL register and X into the DH register, then call the appropriate interrupt with the function code for setting cursor position. Note that the specific implementation can vary depending on the assembler and operating system used.
Were the plebeians represented by the assembly?
Yes, there was a plebeian assembly and it was by this assembly that the tribunes were elected.Yes, there was a plebeian assembly and it was by this assembly that the tribunes were elected.Yes, there was a plebeian assembly and it was by this assembly that the tribunes were elected.Yes, there was a plebeian assembly and it was by this assembly that the tribunes were elected.Yes, there was a plebeian assembly and it was by this assembly that the tribunes were elected.Yes, there was a plebeian assembly and it was by this assembly that the tribunes were elected.Yes, there was a plebeian assembly and it was by this assembly that the tribunes were elected.Yes, there was a plebeian assembly and it was by this assembly that the tribunes were elected.Yes, there was a plebeian assembly and it was by this assembly that the tribunes were elected.
What is interrupt in assembly language?
An interrupt (for example, Intel-based opcode 0xCD) causes the CPU to pause its current execution, store the state of the registers on the stack, then process a defined subroutine. When this subroutine completes, the interrupt finishes, the registers are restored from the stack, and the previous execution state resumes. Interrupts come in two basic flavors: hardware and software. A hardware interrupt occurs when a connected piece of hardware raises an IRQ signal. This mechanism tells the CPU that the hardware has information that needs to be processed. This is more efficient than polling for devices that have relatively few inputs or that have a latency that the CPU shouldn't wait for. Keyboards and mice are often interrupt-driven; the CPU only needs to know when something interesting has happened (a key was pressed or the mouse was moved, for example). Hard drives are also interrupt-driven; this allows the hard drive to locate the requested data and then return that data some CPU cycles later without the CPU having to request the status of the operation repeatedly. In contrast, a software interrupt is usually triggered by software as a means of invoking operating system code in a reliable manner. For example, in MS-DOS, a developer would call INT 0x21 in order to invoke typical DOS commands, such as reading or writing a file, obtaining keyboard input, and other basic operations. Most older operating systems running on Intel-compatible processors use software interrupts to provide a way for the program to access system functions. Newer operating systems use new opcodes that circumvent the need for software interrupts, although most platforms still provide this mechanism for legacy software.
Why did the principal interrupt him?
The principal interrupted him because he was speaking out of turn during a school assembly, disrupting the flow of the event. Additionally, the principal may have wanted to address the importance of respecting the agenda and maintaining order in such settings. This intervention aimed to ensure that all students understood the need for appropriate behavior in formal gatherings.
