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Use commas to set off an unessential phrase or clause. Leave them out when the phrase is essential. Here are some examples: The copy machine that is in the vice president's office needs a toner cartridge. The copy machine, which is in the vice president's office, needs a toner cartridge. In the first sentence, the phrase that is in the vice president's officeis essential. The sentence implies there is more than one copy machine and the one in the VP's office is the one that needs toner. In the second sentence, the phrase set off by commas is unessential. The fact that the copier is in the VP's office is extra information and isn't needed to identify which machine needs service. Some grammar books and style guides insist that writers use the word that when introducing some essential clauses and the word which for introducing unessential ones.

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