A teratogen is a factor that causes malformation of an embryo. Examples of this can be damage caused by drugs, viruses, chemicals, and malnutrition.
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The three general categories of teratogens are maternal disorders, drugs, and environmental influences.
About 7% of all congenital defects are caused by exposure to teratogens
Teratogens
An embryo is less susceptible to teratogens prior to implantation because it is still at a stage where all or nothing death may occur. During implantation, the embryo undergoes specific developmental processes that are crucial for its survival. After implantation, the embryo becomes more susceptible to teratogens as it continues to develop and differentiate into specific tissues and organs.
smoking, occupational teratogens,environmental pollution, fire.
Teratogens can cause birth defects.
If teratogens are introduced during the germinal period of development (first two weeks after conception), it is most likely that the pregnancy will not continue, resulting in a miscarriage. This is because exposure to teratogens during this time can disrupt the normal development of the embryo and prevent it from implanting properly in the uterus.
Agents that have a negative effect on prenatal development are called teratogens. These can include drugs, alcohol, certain medications, infections, and environmental pollutants that can interfere with the normal development of the fetus.
The factors that affect the impact of teratogens on the prenatal organism includ the dose, heredity, other negative influences, and age. -dose: larger doses over longer time periods usually have more negative effects -heredity: the genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays and important role. Some individuals are better able than others to withstand harmful enviorments -other negative influences: the presence of several negative factors at once, such as additional teratogens, poor nutrition, and lack of medical care, can worsen the impact of a harmful agent -age: the effects of teratogens vary with age of the organism at time of exposure.
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Teratogens get to the fetus like anything the mother consumes does, through the blood and through the umbilical cord. If a mother consumes food, she also shares that foods nutrients with her fetus as well. Same way with teratogens (alcohol, tobacco, drugs, etc), when she consumes or imbibes them.
An embryo is less susceptible to teratogens prior to implantation because it has not yet undergone the process of organogenesis, where major organs and structures develop. Once implantation occurs, the embryo becomes more vulnerable as organ development progresses.