A contraction is not one of the parts of speech.
A contraction. I is a noun/subject of a sentence. Am (the 'm) is a verb.
Were is a verb. It is a past tense of the verb "be."I wasWe wereYou wereHe/She/It wasThey were
"Wasn't" is not traditionally a part of speech at all, because it is a contraction for "was not"; the "was" part of this contraction is a verb, singular past tense of "to be"; "not" is an adverb.
The word "don't" is a contraction of "do not". The "do" part of the contraction is an active verb, but the "not" part is a highly significant adverb. If the contraction must be assigned a part of speech, it probably is considered an active verb.
The word hadn't is a contraction. A contraction is a merging of two words (usually with not or is) with an apostrophe identifying the splitting point between both words.
The word haven't is a contraction. It is a contraction of the words have and not.
"Did not" or "didn't" is a contraction of the auxiliary verb "did" and the adverb "not," forming a negative past tense construction in English.
"That'll" is not a part of speech at all; it is a contraction for "that will", in which "that" is a pronoun and "will" an auxiliary verb.
A contraction. I is a noun/subject of a sentence. Am (the 'm) is a verb.
Doesn't is a contraction for does not, a verb.
"There's" is a contraction of "there is" or "there has," so it can function as either a contraction of a verb (is or has) or as a pronoun combined with a verb. In this case, it acts as a subject followed by a verb.
The contraction "it's" is a combination of "it" and "is." It functions as a pronoun and a verb, making it a contraction of a subject and a form of "to be."
It'll is a contraction of two parts of speech, it (pronoun) and will (verb).
This'll is a contraction of two parts of speech, this (pronoun) and will (verb).
We'll is a contraction of two parts of speech, we (pronoun) and (will) verb.
Yes, the contraction for "am not" is "ain't." However, it is considered informal and may not be appropriate in formal writing or speech.
"Hadn't" is a contraction of "had not" and is a verb phrase.