after
There might be a situation in which you would use a comma before a parenthesis, but generally you do not do this. A pair of parentheses already sets its contents apart from the rest of a sentence, so there is no need for a comma to precede the left parenthesis.
After the parenthesis, ie: Jane (a timid girl) walked slowly to school. or Jane walked slowly to school (a big high school). when it is the last part of the sentence you place it inside Jane walked slowly to school (a big school.)
Actually it should look like this (cars, airplanes, trains, etc.). But if the sentence ends with an abbreviation, the single period will serve to end the sentence, as in cars, airplanes, trains, etc. You do not use double periods. You can, however, use a question mark or exclamation point after a period that ends a sentence. Were you talking about cars, airplanes, trains, etc.? If this looks unusual, it is because abbreviations, such as etc., are generally avoided at the ends of sentences.
x cubed y cubed z squared
parenthesis = singular form, i.e., ( OR ) parentheses = plural form, i.e., ( AND ) The singular forms are generally referred to as: open or left parenthesis = ( close or right parenthesis = ) As for the top or bottom half of one parenthesis? I have no idea.
After the parenthesis.
Parenthesis go before the period. The period signals the end of the sentence.
Use a period inside of the closing parenthesis to indicate that the sentence within the parentheses is ending. Use a period outside of the closing parenthesis to indicate that the sentence in which the parenthetical occurs is ending. Example: This was published in 1968 (Mary Jenkins looked it up.). or This was published in 1968. (Mary Jenkins looked it up.)
If a comma is needed, it normally comes after parenthesis.
Punctuation typically comes after a parenthesis if the entire sentence is enclosed within the parentheses. However, if the parenthesis is part of a larger sentence, the punctuation should be placed outside the closing parenthesis. For example: "He went to the store (which was closed)." Here, the period comes after the parentheses.
The period typically goes after the closing parenthesis in American English.
Parentheses go before the period in a sentence. If the entire sentence is contained within the parentheses, then the period goes inside. However, if the parentheses are used to add information or clarification within a larger sentence, the period should be placed outside the closing parenthesis.
A period should be placed outside the parentheses if the entire sentence is contained within the parentheses. However, if the parentheses contain a complete sentence that stands alone, the period should be placed inside. For example: "He went to the store (which was closed)." Here, the period is outside the parentheses.
When typing, the period typically goes after the reference. For example, in a sentence, you would write: "This is a statement (Author, Year)." The period comes after the closing parenthesis of the citation.
Right before the quote ends. For example:He said, "You are a jerk."
yes
When a sentence includes a parenthetical statement, the period should be placed outside the closing parenthesis if the entire sentence is still complete without the parenthetical content. For example: "I enjoy reading (especially mystery novels)." However, if the parenthetical statement is a complete sentence on its own, the period should be inside the parentheses. For instance: "She loves to swim. (It’s her favorite hobby.)"