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"Yitgadal" has the root "gadol" which means big. The prefix turns it into something like "magnified" or "May it be made big." The prefix "ve" means "and." The "yitkadash" (not "ch") is built o the root "kadosh" meaning "holy" or "seperated from," so with the prefix, it becomes "May it be sanctified" or "May it be made holy." "Shemai" is built on the root "shem" meaning "name." "Raba" means great or big. So, a common translation is "magnified and sanctified is the great name" but you might translate it as "May the great name be magnified and sanctified." The great name is, of course, the name of God.

The language is Aramaic, and these are the first words of all versions of the Kaddish, a common doxology used in many versions throughout the Jewish liturgy. There is the long Kaddish, the short Kaddish, the Kaddish after study, and the mourner's Kaddish. The word doxology, in this context, refers to any short standardized prayer of praise used to punctuate the liturgy, dividing or marking the ends of a section of the liturgy.

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Q: What does yitgadal veyitkadach shme raba mean?
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