What is an allocution?

What Scrabble words end in n?

an in on awn ban ben bin bun can con den din don eon fan fin fun gin gun hen hon hun inn ion jin ken kin man men nan nun own pan pen pin pun ran run sin son sun tan ten tin ton urn van wan when win won yen yin yon aeon agin airn akin Alan amen anon axon barn bean been boon born bran burn carn chin clan coin raccoon corn cyan darn dawn dean djin down earn ebon elan even faun fawn fern flan gain glen goon gown gran grin hewn horn hymn icon iron jean join keen kern khan kiln lawn lean lien lion loan loin loon main mean mien moan moon morn mown muon naan neon noon noun omen open oven oxen pain pawn pean peen peon pion plan porn rain rein roan ruin sawn scan seen sewn shin shun sign skin soon sorn sown span spin spun stun swan teen tern than then thin toon torn town turn twin upon vain vein wain warn wean ween when worn wren yarn yawn yuan aboon acorn actin adman admen adorn again algin alien align aloin amain ancon anion apian apron argon arpen arson ashen aspen atman auxin avian avion axion axman axmen azlon bacon bairn baron basin baton began begin begun beton bison blain blown bogan boron boson bosun bourn brain brawn brown bruin buran burin cabin cairn cajon canon capon chain churn clean clown coden codon cogon coign colin colon conin copen cotan coven covin cozen croon crown cumin cutin cyton daman daven dawen deign demon Devon dewan divan diwan dizen djinn doven doyen dozen drain drawn drown eaten eikon elain elfin eloin eosin fagin fanon feign felon ficin flown foehn frown furan futon gamin gipon giron given glean gluon gnawn goban gowan grain green groan groin grown gyron haven hazan hemin heron hogan honan hosen human hymen hyson inion inurn iodin japan jawan jeton jupon kinin known korun kroon laden lagan lapin laten lauan learn leben leman lemon levin ligan liken liman limen linen linin lipin liven loden Logan loran lumen lupin lysin macon mason matin maven mavin Mayan melon meson mizen moron mourn mucin muton ninon niton nomen numen nylon oaken oaten ocean octan odeon often olden olein onion opsin orcin organ orpin owsen paean paeon pagan paten patin pavan pavin pecan pekan pekin pelon pinon piton plain prawn preen prion purin puton pylon pyran quean queen quern quoin racon radon ramen ratan raven ravin rawin rayon recon redan redon reign reman renin repin reran rerun resin rewan rewin rewon ricin ripen risen riven robin roman rosin rouen roven rowan rowen rumen rutin sabin salon saran sarin sasin satin savin scion scorn sedan semen serin seton seven sewan sharn Shawn sheen shewn shoon shorn shown shuln siren skean skeen skein slain solan solon sozin spawn spean spoon spurn stain stein stern swain swoon sworn swoun syren tabun taken takin talon taxon tenon thegn thein thorn tigon titan token tolan toman toxin toyon train treen twain tween tyiyn uhlan ulpan unban union unman unpen unpin unwon urban vegan venin vimen vixen vodun wagon waken waxen wheen widen wigan witan wizen woken woman women woven xenon xylan yamen yamun yapon yearn yogin yourn yulan yupon zayin zazen acetin action acumen adjoin adnoun afghan aidman aidmen airman airmen ajowan alanin Aldrin alevin alexin alumin amazon ameban amidin amnion anilin anuran archon arisen arshin ashcan ashman ashmen assign astern aswoon ataman attain attorn atwain atween auburn autumn avidin awaken awoken axeman axemen baboon badman badmen bagman bagmen baleen ballon banian banyan barman barmen barren baryon basion batman batmen batten bayman baymen beacon beaten beckon bedamn bedpan beduin bemean bemoan benign benzin Berlin bicorn bicron bidden biffin biggin billon biogen biotin bitten blazon bobbin bodkin boffin bolson bonbon boreen Boston bouton bowfin bowman bowmen brazen brogan broken bromin brucin bumkin bunion burden Burton buskin busman busmen button cabman cabmen caftan caiman calkin callan camion cancan cannon canton canyon caplin captan carbon careen carlin carman Carmen carton carven casein casern cation catkin catlin cavern cayman cedarn chazan chitin chiton Chopin chosen citrin citron claxon cloven cocain cochin cocoon codein codlin coffin cojoin column common corban cordon cortin cosign cotton coupon cousin cowman cowmen craton craven crayon crepon cretin croton cummin curran cyanin cymlin daemon dahoon daikon daimen daimon Dalton dampen damson darken deacon deaden deafen decern deepen deewan dehorn demean dentin design desman detain devein diamin diazin dioxan dioxin disown diuron dobbin doblon dobson dolman dolmen domain donjon dormin dragon driven dromon dubbin dudeen dunlin durian durion dynein eleven elevon eloign emetin emodin endrin enjoin ensign eolian eonian epigon essoin estrin etalon etamin ethion etymon examen exogen extern fadein falcon fallen fanion fasten fatten fibrin firkin firman flacon flagon flamen flavin flaxen florin flyman flymen foeman foemen foison frozen frypan fusain fusion gabion gaboon gagman gagmen gaijin gallon gammon garcon garden garron gascon gaskin gasman gasmen German germen gibbon Gibson gittin globin glucan gluten glycan glycin gnomon goblin godown godson golden gonion gorgon gorhen gossan gotten govern graben gradin gratin graven grison guanin guenon guidon gulden gunman gunmen gunnen hadron haemin hagdon happen hapten harden harken harmin harpin hasten hatpin hausen hazzan heaven hempen herein hereon heroin hetman hidden hodden hoddin hoiden Holden holpen hoyden hyalin hyphen iceman icemen impawn impugn inborn indign inspan intern intown intron inturn inulin isatin isogon jargon jasmin jerkin jetton Jordan kaftan kalian kamsin kanban kaolin kation kelson kelvin keppen khazen kippen kitten klaxon kraken kronen kuchen kurgan ladron lagoon lallan lardon lateen latten lattin lawman lawmen layman laymen leaden leaven lectin leggin legion legman legmen lenten lepton lesion lessen lesson leucin leukon lichen lignin linden lippen listen litten lochan logion lomein longan loosen lotion louden loupen lucern lumpen lungan lurdan lutein macron madden madman madmen magian maiden malign malkin mammon mannan margin marlin maroon marron marten martin mascon matron mattin mayvin median melton Merlin merlon merman mermen mesian messan micron midden mignon mikron milden minion minyan mispen mitten mizzen modern molten moreen Morgan morgen morion motion moulin mouton muffin mullen muntin murein muslin mutton myelin myosin nandin nankin napkin nasion nation natron neaten nekton nelson neuron newton niacin noggin nonfan nonman nonmen notion nubbin obtain oilcan oilman oilmen olefin operon oppugn option orcein ordain origan origin orison orphan ossein outgun outman outran outrun outsin oxygen paesan paisan pangen papain pardon parian parson partan parton patron patten paulin peahen peasen pechan pecten pectin penman penmen pennon pepsin pereon perron person phonon photon phylon phyton pidgin pigeon piggin pigpen pinion pinken pinyin pinyon pipkin pippin piston pitman pitmen platan platen pluton poison poleyn pollen pompon ponton popgun poplin postin poteen potion potman potmen preman premen prison prolan proton proven pterin ptisan puffin punkin purlin python quinin rabbin raccoon radian raglan ragman ragmen raisin ramson randan rappen ration ratlin ratoon rattan ratten ratton reagin reason reborn reckon recoin redden redfin reearn regain region rejoin reloan remain rennin renown reopen replan repugn requin resawn reseen resewn resign resown retain retorn return rhyton ribbon richen ridden robbin rodman rodmen ronion ronyon rotten rurban ryokan sadden saimin salmon saloon sampan sarsen sateen schuln screen seaman seamen season seawan secern seisin seizin selsyn sequin serein sermon sextan sexton shairn shaken shaman shapen shaven shogun shoran siccan sicken silken silvan simian simlin simoon siphon siskin sitten skyman skymen slogan sloven socman socmen sodden soften soldan solemn solion soudan sovran spavin spleen spoken sprain stamen stolen stolon stotin strain strewn strown suborn sudden suldan sullen sultan summon sunken suntan sweven sylvan sylvin syphon taipan talion tamein tampan tampon tannin tarpan tarpon tartan tarzan tauten tavern taxman taxmen tegmen telson tendon tenpin teopan teston thoron thrawn thrown tiepin tiffin tiglon tinman tinmen titian titman titmen tocsin torten toucan trapan trepan trigon Triton trogon tropin tuchun turban tureen turnon tycoon tympan typhon unakin unborn uneven unhewn unison unmown unopen unsawn unseen unsewn unsown unspun untorn unworn uptorn uptown upturn urchin vanman vanmen verdin vermin violin virgin virion vision vodoun waggon wangan wangun wanion wanton warden warren weaken weapon weason wedeln welkin whiten wigeon within wivern wizzen wonton wooden woolen worsen wyvern yaupon yeelin yeoman yeomen youpon zeatin zechin zircon abandon abdomen abelian abstain acrasin acrogen actinon acyloin adjourn aeolian aeonian aglycon agnomen aileron alation albumen albumin alencon aleuron alkalin allicin alloxan almsman almsmen alphorn althorn amebean amoeban amotion andiron aneurin anlagen antigen antigun antiman antlion apogean arraign artisan aspirin ataghan atropin auction automan automen avellan balloon barchan bargain baseman basemen bassoon bastion batsman batsmen beadman beadmen beclown bedeman bedemen bedgown bedizen bedouin beechen begroan bellman bellmen benison benzoin betaken bethorn betoken between bighorn billion biotron birchen birdman birdmen bittern bitumen blacken blouson blowgun bluefin boatman boatmen bodhran bogbean bogyman bogymen bondman bondmen bookman bookmen boomkin botulin bounden bourbon bourdon bracken bradoon brechan bridoon broaden buckeen buffoon bullion bullpen bumpkin burgeon burthen bushman bushmen butyrin cabezon caffein caisson caldron campion canakin canikin canteen capelan capelin capstan captain caption carabin caravan carbarn cardoon carotin carrion carryon cartoon cateran caution caveman cavemen celadon ceratin certain cerumen cession chagrin chanson Chapman chapmen chasten chazzan chazzen cheapen chevron chicken chidden chiffon chignon chitlin chlorin chorion chronon cinerin cipolin cistern cistron cithern cithren citizen cittern clachan clarion claypan clubman clubmen coalbin coarsen coition colicin colleen complin concern condemn condign conjoin consign contain contemn cooncan coreign cothurn courlan cowskin crampon creatin crewman crewmen crimson crispen crocein crouton crucian cryogen cullion cumarin curtain cushion cutdown cycasin cyprian cystein dalapon darshan dasheen dauphin daysman daysmen deadpan decagon decrown decuman demeton dendron denizen deraign deskman deskmen destain detrain dextran dextrin diatron diction digoxin dipnoan discern disdain dishpan disjoin dislimn distain doeskin dolphin doorman doormen dragoon drayman draymen drumlin drunken duckpin dudgeon dungeon duramen dustbin dustman dustmen dustpan duvetyn earthen eastern ecdyson echelon edition eftsoon eidolon einkorn eiswein elastin elation elision elusion elution elysian elytron embrown embryon emotion enation enchain endogen engrain enliven enteron entrain environ epigean epizoon epsilon erasion erepsin erosion etesian eudemon evasion exciton exilian explain exurban faction fashion fenuron fermion festoon fibroin fiction fifteen finikin fireman firemen firepan fission flagman flagmen flanken flatten flexion fluorin fluxion foghorn folacin footman footmen foramen foreign foreman foremen foreran forerun forlorn forworn fourgon foxskin freeman freemen freshen frisson frogman frogmen fronton fuchsin fustian gadroon gallein galleon galloon gamelan gastrin gateman gatemen gelatin gentian gherkin gigaton gittern gladden gleeman gleemen gliadin glisten glonoin glutton godroon goldarn goldurn goodman goodmen gossoon graplin greaten greisen gremlin greyhen griffin griffon gripman gripmen griskin grunion grutten gryphon gudgeon guerdon habitan hackman hackmen hagborn hairpin halcyon halogen handgun hangman hangmen hanuman hardpan harijan harpoon harshen headman headmen headpin hearken hearten heathen hegumen helicon hellion hematin heparin herdman herdmen hessian hexagon hexosan hirudin hoarsen hoatzin hoedown hordein horizon hyperon imbrown impregn indamin indican indigen indrawn indulin ingrain ingrown inhibin inhuman inkhorn insulin inwoven ionogen isospin jacobin jalapin jargoon javelin jazzman jazzmen jigsawn jillion junkman junkmen juryman jurymen kamseen keelson keratin kerogen khamsin kidskin kiloton kinetin kingpin kinsman kinsmen kipskin kirkman kirkmen kitchen klavern kneepan kremlin krypton lactean ladykin lambkin lampion lampoon landman landmen lanolin lantern lardoon leadman leadmen lectern lection leghorn legumin lensman lensmen lesbian letdown lethean levulin lexicon liaison liftman liftmen lighten ligroin limacon limpkin lineman linemen linkman linkmen linuron lobefin lorgnon lowborn lowdown lupulin luthern lyncean lysogen madzoon mailman mailmen malison manakin manikin mansion marchen martian matzoon maudlin maximin meatman meatmen medusan megaton melanin menazon mention mesclun messman messmen metopon midiron midnoon midtown milkman milkmen million millrun minikin minivan miscoin misjoin mislain misplan mission mitogen moisten monaxon moneran monsoon monuron moorhen morphin morrion mouflon mueddin muezzin mullein mullion munnion murrain mutagen nankeen narcein negaton nephron netizen neuston neutron newborn newmown newsman newsmen nicotin ninepin nocturn nonagon noniron nuclein nucleon oarsman oarsmen octagon oestrin oilskin omicron omikron opinion oppidan opsonin oration organon ortolan ottoman ouabain outburn outearn outfawn outgain outgrin outlain outplan outseen outspan outturn outworn ovarian ovation overman overmen overran overrun packman packmen paction paladin pampean papayan paphian paragon passion pastern patroon pattern peebeen pelican pemican penguin pension pereion perigon pertain phaeton picolin pigskin pikeman pikemen pillion pirogen plasmin plasmon platoon playpen pleuron plosion plowman plowmen plumpen pluvian pocosin polaron polygon pontoon popcorn portion posteen postern postman postmen potheen potteen predawn prenoon preplan preteen prewarn pronoun propman propmen protean protein psammon ptomain ptyalin puccoon pullman pulsion pumpkin puritan purloin pushpin putamen putdown pygmean pyrogen quartan quassin quicken quieten quintan quintin raccoon ramekin rampion ratteen rattoon ravelin readorn realign rebegan rebegin rebegun reclean recrown redrawn redskin reedman reedmen reflown refrain regimen regiven regreen regrown relaxin relearn rerisen reshown retaken retrain reunion rewaken rewiden rewoken rewoven rockoon rodsman rodsmen rontgen roughen rubdown ruction ruffian rundown sabaton sabayon sacaton sadiron saffron sagaman sagamen salicin salpian saltern saltpan samisen sandman sandmen saponin saurian savarin saxhorn sculpin section seedman seedmen sericin session sextain shaitan sharpen shebean shebeen sheitan shipman shipmen shippen shippon shodden shopman shopmen shorten shotgun shotten showman showmen shriven sideman sidemen sierran silicon silvern sirloin sixteen slacken sleeken slidden slurban smarten smidgen smidgin smitten snowman snowmen sockman sockmen sojourn sokeman sokemen solanin soliton soupcon soybean spartan spelean spongin sponson sporran station stearin steepen stemson stepson stewpan stiffen stollen stouten striven stygian suasion subclan subdean suberin subjoin subteen suction sunburn sundown surgeon sustain swagman swagmen swanpan sweeten swidden swollen symbion synanon taborin tachyon taction tailfan tamarin tampion tardyon taximan taximen tegumen telamon teleman telemen teleran tension ternion terrain terreen tertian testoon theelin therein thereon thiamin thiazin thicken thionin thriven tighten tinhorn tolidin tollman tollmen tompion tongman tongmen topspin torchon torsion toughen treason triazin tricorn trodden trudgen trypsin tubulin tuition turfman turfmen twiggen tylosin typhoon umpteen unchain unclean uncrown unction undrawn uneaten unhuman unicorn unknown unladen unlearn unrisen unroven unshorn unsworn untaken unwoven upgrown uprisen upsilon urethan utopian velamen venison vermian version vervain veteran vibrion vidicon villain villein vitamin vitrain volutin wanigan warison warworn wayworn western wheaten wherein whereon widgeon wingman wingmen wireman wiremen woodbin woodhen woodman woodmen woollen woolman woolmen workman workmen writhen written xanthan xanthin xylidin yardman yardmen yatagan yeggman yeggmen yestern youthen zacaton zecchin zillion zithern zymogen zymosan ablation ablution abortion abrasion abscisin abutilon acaridan acrolein acromion actinian adaption addition adhesion adnation adoption advowson aequorin aeration affusion agnation agrarian airwoman airwomen alderman aldermen alfaquin alizarin allergen allergin allusion alluvion amanitin ambition amelcorn amidogen amoebean amylogen anatoxin anchusin androgen antiarin antiphon antiporn aphelian aphelion aphidian apiarian aquarian arbutean arcadian archaean ascidian assassin audition aurorean autobahn aversion aviation avulsion backspin bacterin bailsman bailsmen bandsman bandsmen barbican bargeman bargemen bartisan bartizan baseborn baudekin beadsman beadsmen bearskin bedarken bedeafen bedesman bedesmen befallen begotten beholden bemadden Benjamin benzidin berberin bescreen bespoken bestrewn bestrown betatron bevatron biathlon bigaroon billycan bioclean biotoxin blackfin bloodfin blowdown bludgeon bluesman bluesmen boardman boardmen boatsman boatsmen bogeyman bogeymen bohemian bombesin bondsman bondsmen boogyman boogymen boomtown boughten bouillon bourgeon boxthorn brainpan brakeman brakemen brasilin brazilin brethren brighten bromelin bryozoan buckbean buckskin bulletin bullhorn busulfan cabochon caducean calfskin calutron campaign cannabin cannelon cannikin capeskin capsicin capuchin carageen cardamon cardigan careworn carillon carrotin caryotin catechin cauldron cavicorn cephalin cerulean cesarean cesarian cetacean chainman chainmen chairman chairmen chaldron chamfron champion chanfron chaperon chaplain characin chessman chessmen cheveron children chitosan chlordan choreman choremen chrismon christen chymosin cinnamon cinquain citation citrinin civilian clansman clansmen coachman coachmen coaction codesign codriven coercion cognomen cohesion colistin collagen colophon colorman colormen comedian comedown complain conation conidian conquian cooldown coonskin cooption copatron cordovan cordwain corpsman corpsmen cotillon cotquean coumarin countian coxswain cragsman cragsmen crampoon crankpin creation crumhorn cryotron cultigen culverin cyanogen cyclamen dairyman dairymen dakerhen dalesman dalesmen decision decurion deerskin delation deletion delusion demijohn demonian demotion derision deuteron devilkin devotion diapason diazinon dieldrin dihedron dilation dilution diluvian diluvion diobolon diocesan diolefin dipteran dipteron discrown distrain disunion division dominion donation dotation doubloon downtown downturn dragoman dragomen drawdown driftpin duration dutchman dutchmen dynatron earthman earthmen eclosion ectozoan ectozoon eduction effusion egestion Egyptian eighteen Einstein ejection elaterin election electron emblazon embolden emersion emission empoison empyrean emulsion endbrain enneagon entozoan entozoon envision ephedrin equation erection erigeron eruption erythron estragon estrogen ethephon ethician eudaemon eulachan eulachon evection eversion everyman everymen eviction evulsion exaction excision exertion exotoxin facedown falchion fanfaron favonian fedayeen fellahin fenthion ferritin ferryman ferrymen fetation filarian finespun finickin fixation flashgun flatiron flection flexagon florigen flyblown foilsman foilsmen footworn forenoon foreseen foreskin forewarn foreworn forgiven formalin forsaken forsworn foughten fountain fourteen fraction Franklin fraulein freeborn freedman freedmen freshman freshmen friction frighten fruition fugleman fuglemen function funnyman funnymen furfuran gallican gambeson gamesman gamesmen ganglion garrison gelation glassman glassmen globulin glucagon glutelin glycerin glycogen gnathion goatskin gombroon gonfalon gonfanon gorgerin gownsman gownsmen grandson gravamen graviton gridiron groschen guanidin guardian gueridon gumption gypseian gyration haematin halation handsewn handyman handymen harridan hawthorn hazelhen headsman headsmen heighten helmsman helmsmen hematein henchman henchmen henequen henequin heniquen heptagon herdsman herdsmen hereupon hermaean highborn himation histamin histidin histogen hoactzin holstein homespun hometown hominian honeybun hooligan horseman horsemen hotelman hotelmen houseman housemen huntsman huntsmen hyalogen hydrogen hyoidean hypogean hypopyon ideation ignition ignitron iguanian illation illusion imbolden imprison inaction incision infixion infusion inhesion insectan invasion iodation iodopsin isochron isopodan isthmian jerrican jerrycan jettison junction kaiserin kakiemon kallidin karyotin kenotron kephalin khamseen klystron krumhorn lambskin landsman landsmen langshan lanthorn larrigan larrikin lavation laxation laywoman laywomen leadsman leadsmen leathern lecithin legation lengthen lenition lewisson libation lichenin liegeman liegemen ligation limekiln linchpin linesman linesmen linksman linksmen lobation location lockdown locution logician longeron longhorn lookdown lovelorn lunarian lunation luncheon luteolin luxation lynchpin macaroon macruran madwoman madwomen magdalen magician magneton maintain malarian mandarin mandolin mannikin marathon margarin markdown marksman marksmen marocain martagon marzipan mastodon melanian melodeon meltdown menhaden menschen meridian mesotron metazoan metazoon methadon mezereon midbrain mirliton misalign misbegan misbegin misbegun misdrawn miseaten misgiven misgrown misknown mislearn mistaken mistrain misunion moccasin moleskin monecian monellin moneyman moneymen monition mortmain motorman motormen moufflon mountain mulligan multiton munchkin munition musician mutation mutchkin mycelian myrmidon napoleon natation negation negatron neomycin neuraxon nigrosin nineteen nitrogen nobleman noblemen nongreen nonhuman nonpagan nonunion nonurban nonwoven northern notation noumenon novation nutation nutbrown nymphean nystatin oblation oblivion obsidian occasion octoroon oedipean omission onscreen oolachan ophidian optician orthicon ostracon outdrawn outeaten outflown outfrown outgiven outgnawn outgrown outlearn outpreen outscorn outsworn overborn overburn overkeen overlain overplan overseen oversewn oversoon overspin overthin overturn overween overworn oxymoron oxytocin pagurian palmitin panacean pangolin panhuman pannikin pantheon papillon papyrian paraffin parazoan parergon partaken partisan partizan parvolin pathogen pattypan pauldron pavilion pavillon pearmain pelorian pemmican pentagon pentosan peregrin perigean petition phenazin phosphin phthalin picaroon pitchman pitchmen pivotman pivotmen placeman placemen plankton plantain plastron playdown plebeian plectron pleuston pliotron pointman pointmen poltroon polyzoan position positron postburn postteen potation pozzolan preclean prehuman prenomen preshown pressman pressmen pressrun pretrain preunion priapean prochain prochein prolamin propylon protamin prounion psilocin psoralen publican puncheon punition pupation purpurin pushdown pygmaean quadroon quartern quatrain question quinolin quintain radioman radiomen raftsman raftsmen rambutan ramequin ramshorn ranchman ranchmen rataplan reaction reassign reattain reawaken reawoken rebidden rebutton rechosen recision redesign redriven refallen refasten refrozen reharden reinsman reinsmen relation religion remotion reobtain reordain replevin replicon rescreen reseason reshaven resorcin respoken restrain resummon revision rhodamin rifampin rifleman riflemen rigadoon rigaudon riparian roentgen rogation rosarian rotation routeman routemen safranin sainfoin salesman salesmen sanction santonin saucepan scalepan scallion scansion scarfpin scission scorpion scullion sealskin searobin seatrain secretin sedation sedition seedsman seedsmen seraphin shadchan shagreen shalloon sheepman sheepmen shoehorn shopworn showdown shrunken shutdown shwanpan sialidan sidespin simoleon sirenian skeleton slattern slowdown smidgeon smoothen solation solution somewhen sonarman sonarmen sorption soundman soundmen southern southron spaceman spacemen spalpeen speargun spearman spearmen specimen spelaean spilikin spittoon sponsion spontoon squadron squireen stallion stasimon steapsin stegodon sternson stickman stickmen stickpin stiction stillman stillmen stockman stockmen straiten stricken stridden strucken stubborn stuntman stuntmen sturgeon subbasin subhuman subtaxon subtilin suburban sudation superfan superman supermen suzerain swanskin swingman swingmen swordman swordmen syrphian taciturn tailspin takedown talapoin talesman talesmen talisman tallyman tallymen tarlatan tarletan tarragon taxation teardown teaspoon tefillin telethon terrapin tetragon theremin thermion thespian thindown thiophen thirteen tholepin threaten thrombin thumbkin thymosin thyroxin timeworn toboggan toilworn toluidin townsman townsmen trackman trackmen traction tragopan trainman trainmen trappean trashman trashmen treelawn trillion trimaran troponin truckman truckmen trudgeon trueborn trunnion tungsten turbofan turndown twinborn unbeaten unbenign unbidden unbitten unbroken unburden unbutton unchosen uncoffin uncommon underpin underran underrun unfallen unfasten unfrozen ungotten unloosen unmolten unperson unproven unreason unshaken unshapen unshaven unspoken upthrown vacation valerian vanillin venation venetian veratrin verboten verseman versemen vesuvian vexation vigneron viomycin viridian vitellin vocation volition volution wannigan warfarin watchman watchmen waterman watermen weighman weighmen wellborn whaleman whalemen wheelman wheelmen whipsawn whoreson windburn wineskin wingspan woodsman woodsmen woolskin wreathen xanthein yachtman yachtmen yataghan yestreen zeppelin zonation abduction abjection abolition abruption accession accordion accretion actuation acylation addiction adduction admission adoration adulation advection affection aflatoxin afternoon agitation allantoin allethrin alpenhorn amphibian amygdalin amylopsin anchorman anchormen animation annelidan anthelion anthemion anthocyan anthozoan antialien antiauxin anticodon antihuman antimycin antitoxin antiunion antiurban antivenin antiwoman appertain apportion ascension ascertain aspersion assertion astrakhan asyndeton attackman attackmen attention attrition automaton avocation badminton baldachin balmacaan bandwagon barbarian barracoon basilican battalion bedridden bijection bilirubin bioregion birdbrain bisection boatswain bombardon bondwoman bondwomen boogerman boogermen boogeyman boogeymen brannigan breakdown breakeven bringdown bromelain broomcorn buckthorn cacodemon caecilian caesarean caesarian cameraman cameramen candlepin caparison capsaicin carbanion caretaken carnation carnelian carrageen caseation castellan catamaran cathepsin cattleman cattlemen causation celloidin centurion cessation chalazion chalcogen chameleon champaign charlatan charwoman charwomen chatelain chawbacon checkrein chelation chelonian chieftain chilblain chinkapin chromatin chromogen chthonian churchman churchmen ciliation circadian cisplatin clampdown clergyman clergymen clinician closedown cnidarian coalition cobalamin cocaptain cognation cognition colcannon collation collegian collision collodion collusion commotion communion companion concision condition confusion connexion constrain contagion contusion cornelian cornerman cornermen corrasion corrosion cotillion cotyledon countdown courtesan cowritten crackdown cracksman cracksmen craftsman craftsmen cremation crenation criterion crosstown custodian cyclopean cyclotron cytokinin cytolysin cytotoxin dalmatian damnation dandelion dealation deathsman deathsmen decapodan decathlon deception decillion decoction deduction defection deflation dejection demission dentition depiction depletion desertion detection detention detrition deviation dictation dietician dietitian diffusion digestion digitalin digitonin digitoxin dimension direction disburden disproven disseisin disseizin diversion dodecagon doubleton draconian draftsman draftsmen duralumin dystopian ealdorman ealdormen earthborn education effluxion egression eiderdown eledoisin elevation elocution emanation emulation encrimson endorphin endotoxin enlighten entertain entropion ephemeron epicurean epilation erudition euclidean euclidian eutherian evergreen evocation evolution exception exciseman excisemen exclusion excretion excursion execution exemption expansion expiation explosion expulsion exsertion extension extortion extrusion exudation eyestrain fellaheen fellation fellowman fellowmen filiation firethorn firstborn fisherman fishermen flagellin flotation foliation forbidden forebrain foreknown foreshown foresworn foretoken forewoman forewomen forgotten formation francolin furcation gammadion garageman garagemen gazillion gemmation gentleman gentlemen gerfalcon gestalten gestation goitrogen gorgonian gradation grantsman grantsmen greenhorn grimalkin groomsman groomsmen grosgrain guardsman guardsmen guildsman guildsmen guncotton gustation guttation gyrfalcon habergeon hagridden halogeton handblown handwoven harlequin harmattan hartshorn heartburn heliozoan hemolysin herculean hifalutin hindbrain historian hobgoblin homegrown honeymoon horsebean hydration hydrozoan ibuprofen ichneumon iguanodon imitation immersion immunogen impaction impassion implosion impulsion inanition incaution inception inclusion incursion indention indiction indigotin induction infection inflation inflexion ingestion injection insertion intension intention interclan intrusion intuition inunction invention inversion irruption isolation iteration jellybean joyridden kanamycin keybutton kilderkin kinswoman kinswomen knockdown krummhorn lactation lamebrain laminarin laudation layperson letterman lettermen leviathan librarian libration lineation liquation liveryman liverymen longicorn luciferin lumberman lumbermen magnesian magnetron malathion mammalian Manhattan mannequin marmorean medaillon medallion mediation melatonin mellotron melphalan mentation merbromin mercaptan metheglin middleman middlemen migration minuteman minutemen misbutton misdriven misgovern misreckon misshapen misspoken misthrown mitomycin modillion molluscan molluskan morphogen mortician mujahedin multipion muskmelon mycotoxin myoglobin myrobalan narration nebenkern nemertean nervation newswoman newswomen nightgown ninhydrin nitration nonaction nonfrozen nonillion nonperson nonvirgin nutrition oarswoman oarswomen objection obsession obtrusion obviation occlusion octillion offscreen olecranon oleoresin olfaction ombudsman ombudsmen onionskin operation orangutan outbidden outdesign outdriven outridden outspoken outthrown ovalbumin overblown overclean overdrawn overeaten overflown overgrown overladen overlearn overtaken overtrain ovulation oxacillin oxidation oysterman oystermen ozonation palanquin palmation palpation pantaloon pantryman pantrymen parathion parhelion partition pastedown patrician patrolman patrolmen pellagrin peneplain penstemon perdition perfusion persimmon pervasion phasedown phellogen phelonion phenytoin phonation physician pickaroon pistareen placation plainsman plainsmen planarian planation plantsman plantsmen plication plutonian policeman policemen pollution polymyxin porcelain porphyrin postilion praenomen preassign precisian precision predation prefrozen prelusion premodern prenotion preordain prereturn prescreen preseason pretorian prevision privation probation profusion progestin prolactin prolusion promotion pronation pronghorn properdin proration prosimian protistan protozoan protozoon provision ptarmigan pulsation purgation puromycin pyrethrin pyroxylin quarryman quarrymen quercetin quotation quotidian radiation rebellion recension reception recession reclusion recursion redaction reduction reedition refashion refection reflation reflexion refreshen rejection reliction remission remoisten rendition repairman repairmen repattern repletion reptilian repulsion resection restriven retention retighten reversion revulsion rewritten rhodopsin ribavirin roughhewn roundsman roundsmen ruination saccharin sacristan safetyman safetymen salaryman salarymen saltation salvarsan salvation samaritan sannyasin sapogenin saskatoon satiation saxitoxin scarfskin schlieren schnecken schoolman schoolmen sclerotin screwbean scutcheon secession seclusion secretion sectarian seduction selachian selection selectman selectmen semicolon sensation serotonin serration seventeen shakedown shantyman shantymen sharifian sharkskin sheepskin shorthorn sightseen signalman signalmen siltation simpleton singleton situation snakeskin solvation sortition soupspoon sovereign sphenodon spillikin spleuchan spoilsman spoilsmen spokesman spokesmen sporozoan sporozoon sportsman sportsmen stableman stablemen stanchion statesman statesmen steersman steersmen stillborn stinkhorn striation strongman strongmen subaltern subdeacon sublation submicron subregion suctorian suffragan suffusion summation sunscreen superlain superthin suspicion swansdown switchman switchmen swordsman swordsmen sympathin synkaryon tactician talkathon tamoxifen tarnation tarpaulin tearstain tellurian teratogen thereupon threadfin thyratron tillerman tillermen timberman timbermen titration touchdown tradesman tradesmen tradition tragedian tretinoin triathlon tribesman tribesmen trihedron truncheon tyrocidin ultrathin ululation unbeknown uncertain unconcern underlain underspin unitarian untrodden unwritten upswollen urination valuation variation vasotocin velveteen venireman veniremen vermilion vernation vestryman vestrymen vibration violation vitiation vulcanian vulgarian walkathon washbasin washerman washermen washwoman washwomen waterworn wheelsman wheelsmen whereupon windblown wiredrawn wisewoman wisewomen withdrawn workwoman workwomen yachtsman yachtsmen yellowfin abdication aberration abjuration abnegation abreaction abrogation abscission absolution absorption abstention accusation activation actomyosin adaptation adjunction adjuration admiration admonition adsorption advocation affixation affliction agglutinin aggression alderwoman alderwomen alienation alkylation allegation allocation allocution alteration ambulation ammunition ampicillin amputation angulation annexation annotation annulation antibaryon antilepton antimodern antinomian antipodean antiproton apparition apposition araucarian archdeacon arrogation ascription aspiration assumption attraction autobahnen autochthon automation bacitracin backbitten backgammon balbriggan barleycorn batrachian beautician benzofuran bestridden biliverdin bilocation bipartisan blackthorn bloodstain bloviation bradykinin browbeaten butylation calamondin calcitonin calmodulin capitation carcinogen carragheen castration catechumen catenation catholicon cavalryman cavalrymen cavitation centillion cephalexin chairwoman chairwomen champignon chapfallen chinquapin chirurgeon chopfallen chromaffin cladoceran clothespin coaptation cochairman cochairmen cochampion cofunction cogitation collection coloration combustion commission compaction comparison compassion completion complexion compulsion conception concession conclusion concoction concretion concussion conduction confection confession conflation congestion connection conniption constantan contention contortion contrarian contrition convection convention conversion conviction convulsion copulation coronation corotation correction corruption councilman councilmen counterion counterman countermen countryman countrymen crackbrain crustacean culinarian cumulation cunctation curmudgeon daunomycin deaeration decahedron decimation declension decoration decryption dedication defamation defecation defenceman defencemen defenseman defensemen definition deflection delegation demolition denegation denotation denudation depilation deposition depression deputation derivation dermatogen derogation descension desolation desorption detonation detraction devolution dicoumarin digression dilatation diminution discretion discussion dishearten dismission dispassion dispersion displosion disruption dissection dissension dissention dissuasion distension distention distortion disulfoton divagation divination domination downfallen drivetrain dubitation ebullition elongation eluviation emaciation emendation emigration encephalon encryption endosulfan enervation enkephalin epilimnion epinephrin equestrian equitation eructation erythrosin escalation escutcheon estimation estivation etiolation euglobulin evacuation evaluation everywoman everywomen exaltation excavation excerption excitation execration exhalation exhaustion exhibition exhumation expedition expiration exposition expression expressman expressmen expunction exsolution extinction extraction exultation exuviation fasciation federation ferredoxin feuilleton fibrinogen figuration filtration flirtation floatation floodplain floriation flugelhorn foreordain forespoken foretopman foretopmen foundation freedwoman freedwomen freemartin fruitarian fumigation garbageman garbagemen gargantuan gemination generation gentamicin glaciation gleization graduation gramicidin grammarian groundsman groundsmen habitation halocarbon handmaiden harvestman harvestmen hausfrauen hebetation hemelytron hemipteran hemocyanin hemoglobin herniation hesitation hesperidin hexahedron highwayman highwaymen homoousian homopteran horsewoman horsewomen houseclean housetrain husbandman husbandmen imbibition immolation imposition impression imputation incitation incubation indagation indecision indexation indication induration infarction infixation inflection infliction infraction infrahuman infusorian ingression inhalation inhibition inhumation initiation injunction innovation insolation inspection insulation interbasin interchain interferon intermedin interocean interorgan interunion interurban interwoven intimation intinction intonation intubation inundation invitation invocation involution iodination ionization irreligion irrigation irritation isoantigen ivermectin journeyman journeymen jubilarian jubilation kallikrein keeshonden laceration lambrequin laminarian lamination lapidarian laundryman laundrymen laureation lederhosen leprechaun leucocidin levigation levitation liberation limitation lincomycin lipotropin literation litigation lobsterman lobstermen lobulation locomotion longbowman longbowmen lovastatin lustration maceration maculation mangosteen marination markswoman markswomen maturation mavourneen medication meditation meromyosin mesenteron midsection midshipman midshipmen midwestern militiaman militiamen miscaption misprision missileman missilemen miswritten mitigation moderation modulation monogenean morphactin morulation motivation motoneuron mujahedeen mujahideen multichain multigrain multiunion mutilation mycetozoan navigation nepenthean neurotoxin newsperson nitrofuran noblewoman noblewomen nodulation nomination nonaspirin noncitizen nonconcern nonfiction nonprotein nonutopian nonveteran novobiocin nucleation numeration nurseryman nurserymen obligation obturation occupation octahedron opposition oppression ordination osculation outbargain outchidden outstation outwritten overaction overbeaten overbidden overburden overdesign overdriven overgovern overridden overstrain overstrewn overthrown pagination palliation pancreatin patination peculation pedestrian penicillin pentathlon pentstemon peppercorn pepsinogen perception percussion perfection perihelion perikaryon periphyton permeation permethrin permission peroration persuasion perversion phenacetin phenomenon phlogiston picrotoxin pincushion pitchwoman pitchwomen pixilation plantation politician polyhedron polyolefin population possession postillion postmodern postprison postseason poultryman poultrymen praetorian precaution precession precipitin preclusion prediction preemption prehension prelection premoisten preportion presweeten pretension prevention procession production profession proinsulin projection proportion propulsion protection protohuman protrusion provitamin psilocybin pteranodon punctation quaternion quercitron ragamuffin rechristen recitation recreation redemption redivision reelection reemission reflection refraction refutation regression regulation reignition reinvasion relaxation relegation relocation renovation reparation repetition reposition repression republican reputation rescission resolution resorption restricken resumption retraction revelation revocation revolution riboflavin rifampicin rumination saleswoman saleswomen salivation salutation sanitarian sanitation saturation scattergun scrubwoman scrubwomen scyphozoan seminarian senatorian separation septillion serviceman servicemen sextillion shantytown shenanigan sibilation silkscreen simulation skywritten snapdragon sonication spallation speciation splashdown spoliation squamation stagnation starvation stentorian stonemason straighten strengthen strobotron stuntwoman stuntwomen subclavian subduction subjection submersion submission subreption subsection substation subtilisin subvention subversion succession suggestion superclean superhuman superwoman superwomen supination suppletion surjection suspension tablespoon tabulation technician teleostean television temptation tenderloin terreplein theologian thysanuran titivation toleration tourbillon townswoman townswomen trabeation trajection transition transposon trawlerman trawlermen triggerman triggermen trisection triskelion tristearin truncation tryptophan tuberculin tumbledown turnverein ulceration ultraclean ultrahuman unbeholden undereaten undertaken undulation unforeseen unforgiven urtication usurpation validation vegetarian vegetation veneration vermillion visitation waitperson watermelon weatherman weathermen windscreen workingman workingmen zwitterion abecedarian abomination abstraction academician acceptation acclamation acclimation acetylation acidulation acoustician acquisition actinomycin adumbration aestivation affectation affiliation affirmation aggradation aggravation aggregation alcyonarian alleviation alloantigen altercation alternation ambiversion aminopterin ammoniation amoxicillin amoxycillin amylopectin anacoluthon analyzation anchorwoman anchorwomen angiotensin anodization anthocyanin antifashion antiforeign antineutron antinucleon antiquarian antiquation antivitamin appellation application approbation arbitration archenteron arthropodan assemblyman assemblymen assentation assignation association atomization attenuation attestation attribution awestricken backslidden bacteriocin battlewagon bellybutton benediction benefaction bifurcation bipartition bombination botheration bourguignon brachiation brecciation bromination businessman businessmen calcination calculation calibration callipygian calypsonian camerawoman camerawomen cancelation cantharidin captivation carbonation carburetion carrageenan carrageenin castigation celebration cementation centenarian centimorgan cephalothin ceratopsian cerebration chairperson chamberlain chiropteran chondroitin chrismation chrysarobin churchwoman churchwomen chylomicron circulation clergywoman clergywomen cloxacillin coagulation coarctation codirection coeducation coelenteron coevolution coleopteran collembolan colligation collimation collocation combination commination comminution commutation competition compilation composition compression compunction computation condonation confliction confutation congelation congressman congressmen conjugation conjunction conjuration connotation consecution consolation consumption contraction contraption conurbation convocation convolution cooperation cordilleran cornucopian corporation correlation corrugation coruscation cosmetician counterplan countersign covariation craftswoman craftswomen crenelation crenulation crepitation crestfallen crimination crocodilian crossbowman crossbowmen crucifixion cryosurgeon ctenophoran culmination cultivation cupellation cuspidation cyanohydrin cybernation cyclization cycloolefin deamination debarkation decantation declamation declaration declination decollation decondition decussation defalcation defloration defoliation deformation deglutition degradation degustation dehydration deification delectation delineation deliveryman deliverymen demarcation denervation denigration deoxidation deportation depravation deprecation depredation deprivation dereliction description desecration desiccation designation desperation destination destitution destruction detestation deuteration devaluation devastation diatessaron dicotyledon diffraction dinosaurian disfunction disillusion disjunction dislocation disposition disputation disrelation dissipation dissolution distinction distraction downtrodden doxorubicin draughtsman draughtsmen duplication dysfunction edification egalitarian ejaculation elaboration electrician elicitation elimination elucidation elutriation embarkation embrocation enamoration enchiridion enterotoxin enucleation enumeration enunciation epoxidation eradication erotization esthetician euchromatin evagination evaporation examination exclamation excoriation exculpation exfoliation exhortation exoneration exoskeleton expatiation expectation explanation explication exploration exportation expurgation exsiccation extenuation extirpation extradition extrication fabrication fascination fecundation fetoprotein fibronectin fimbriation fisherwoman fisherwomen fluctuation fluegelhorn fluorescein fomentation foreshorten forestation formulation fornication frostbitten frustration fucoxanthin fulguration fulmination fustigation gegenschein gentlewoman gentlewomen germination gibberellin godchildren godforsaken granulation gratulation gravitation habituation handwritten handyperson haptoglobin heartbroken hematoxylin hemerythrin hemoprotein hemosiderin heteroauxin hibernation highfalutin holothurian homoiousian housebroken houseperson humiliation hydrocarbon hyperborean hypermodern hyphenation hypolimnion hypotension icosahedron idolization illuviation imagination imbrication immigration impartation impetration implication importation imprecation imprecision inattention incantation incarnation inclination inculcation inculpation incurvation indentation indigestion indignation indirection inebriation infantryman infantrymen infatuation infestation information infuriation innervation inoculation inquisition inscription insinuation inspiration instigation institution instruction integration interaction interfusion interleukin interneuron interstrain irradiation itemization itineration jactitation laciniation lacrimation lactalbumin laicization lamellicorn lamentation legerdemain legislation libertarian lilliputian lionization lipoprotein liposuction liquidation lixiviation logistician lubrication lucubration luteotropin machination madreporian madrigalian malapropian malediction malefaction malfunction malposition manganesian manumission margination mastication mechanician megavitamin melioration mensuration merchantman merchantmen mercuration metafiction methanation methicillin methylation metrication micturition millenarian millimicron milliradian misbegotten miscitation miscreation misdivision misfunction mislocation misposition misstricken molestation mucoprotein multicarbon multicolumn multidomain multination multiphoton multipiston multiscreen needlewoman needlewomen negotiation neuropteran neurulation nickelodeon nondecision nonelection nonmusician nonpartisan nonsolution obfuscation objurgation obscuration observation obstruction occultation officiation orientation origination orthopteran oscillation ostentation outdoorsman outdoorsmen outstridden overcaution overconcern overexplain oversweeten overtighten overwritten oviposition oxygenation oxyhydrogen ozonization palpitation parturition passivation pectination penetration pentahedron percolation perennation perforation permutation persecution personation phonetician phycocyanin phytoalexin plainspoken plasminogen plecopteran podophyllin policewoman policewomen pollination posttension postulation predication preelection prefreshman prefreshmen preignition preinvasion prelibation preluncheon premonition premunition preparation preposition preshrunken presumption proabortion procreation procrustean procuration profanation progestogen progression prohibition proletarian propagation proposition prorogation prosecution prostration prothrombin protonation protraction provocation publication pullulation punctuation pustulation quadrillion quartersawn quintillion radiocarbon radiolarian rapscallion rarefaction rattlebrain reaccession readmission realization reanimation reapportion reassertion recantation reclamation recognition recondition recordation redigestion redirection reeducation reformation rehydration reification reinfection reinflation reinjection reinsertion reinvention reiteration reluctation remediation remigration reoperation reoxidation repartition replication reprobation reprovision repudiation requisition reradiation reservation resignation respiration restitution restoration restriction retaliation retardation retribution retroaction revaluation rhetorician rubrication rustication sacculation salesperson saturnalian sauerbraten saurischian segregation semiotician septentrion slumgullion smokescreen snakebitten solmization somatomedin speculation spiculation spokeswoman spokeswomen sportswoman sportswomen sporulation stagflation stimulation stipulation stylization subaudition subdecision subdivision subjugation subjunction sublimation subluxation submunition subornation subrogation subsumption subtraction suffixation suffocation sulfonation superaltern superharden supermodern supernation superperson supervision superweapon supposition suppression suppuration suspiration susurration synchrotron syncopation syndication termination tetrahedron thistledown thoroughpin thyrotropin titillation tourbillion transaction transection transferrin transfixion transfusion translation trencherman trenchermen trepanation trepidation tribulation trichlorfon trickledown trifluralin trimetrogon trinitarian trituration tropomyosin trypsinogen tumefaction typewritten tyrothricin ultramodern unchristian undecillion unification unitization utilitarian utilization vaccination vacillation vacuolation valediction variegation vasopressin venesection ventilation vindication vivisection washerwoman washerwomen weatherworn wintergreen workstation zoantharian zooplankton abbreviation acceleration accentuation accumulation adjudication adulteration aesthetician agglutinogen aldolization alimentation alliteration amalgamation amelioration amortization anchorperson annihilation annunciation antediluvian antiabortion anticipation antidilution antielectron antiestrogen antifriction antiglobulin antireligion antithrombin apperception appreciation apprehension arborization archdiocesan archosaurian articulation artilleryman artillerymen asphyxiation asseveration assimilation augmentation auscultation autorotation autoxidation bacchanalian backcourtman backcourtmen backwoodsman backwoodsmen basification betweenbrain biometrician blastulation cachinnation calumniation cameraperson canalization cancellation canonization cantillation capacitation capitulation chlorination chlorohydrin chloropicrin churchwarden chymotrypsin circumcision circumfusion citification civilization civilization claudication coacervation coadaptation cocarcinogen cochairwoman cochairwomen codification cogeneration cohabitation colonisation colonization colorization columniation commendation committeeman committeemen compellation compensation complexation complication compurgation concanavalin conciliation condemnation condensation confirmation confiscation conformation conglobation congregation conscription consecration conservation consignation consociation conspiration constipation constitution constriction construction consultation consummation contestation continuation contribution conversation coordination coproduction cosmopolitan councilwoman councilwomen counterstain countrywoman countrywomen craftsperson crenellation creolization curarization cyclodextrin cytochalasin cytoskeleton daunorubicin deactivation debilitation decapitation deceleration decommission decongestion deescalation deflagration degeneration deglaciation deionization delamination deliberation delicatessen delimitation demodulation demonization denaturation denomination denunciation depopulation depreciation deputization deracination deregulation derepression dermabrasion desalination desideration despoliation desquamation dessertspoon detoxication dialectician dibenzofuran diencephalon digitization dilapidation dimerization disaffection disclamation disinfection disinflation dispensation disquisition dissertation dissociation distillation distribution divarication dodecahedron draftsperson duodecillion echolocation effectuation elucubration emancipation emargination emasculation embolization encrustation endoskeleton energization epithalamion equalitarian equalization equivocation erythromycin eternization etherization evisceration exacerbation exaggeration exasperation excogitation excruciation exenteration exercitation exhilaration expatriation explantation exploitation extraversion extroversion facilitation featherbrain felicitation feminization fenestration fermentation ferrosilicon fiberization fibrillation fibrinolysin finalization flagellation flavoprotein flocculation fluidization fluoridation fluorination fluorocarbon focalization frontiersman frontiersmen futilitarian gasification gastrulation gentleperson genuflection geometrician geriatrician ghostwritten glycoprotein gonadotropin griseofulvin habilitation hallucinogen halogenation halterbroken hamantaschen hebraization hemodilution hereditarian heterokaryon hominization homologation humanitarian humanization humification hymenopteran hymenopteron hypertension idealization illumination illustration immoderation immunization imperfection implantation impregnation inactivation inauguration incineration incorruption incrustation indiscretion indomethacin infibulation infiltration inflammation ingratiation inhabitation inosculation insanitation insemination inspissation installation instauration instillation insufflation insurrection intellection inteneration interception intercession interdiction interjection intermission internucleon interruption intersection intersession interstation intervention intimidation intoxication introduction introjection intromission introversion invagination invalidation invigilation invigoration irresolution jurisdiction kindergarten labanotation labyrinthian laterization latinization legalization legitimation lepidopteran liquefaction localization longshoreman longshoremen luftmenschen luteotrophin lysolecithin majoritarian malformation malnutrition malocclusion malversation manipulation masturbation maximization melanization memorization menstruation metropolitan midafternoon minimization ministration misdirection miseducation misquotation mobilization modification monetization moralization motorization multibillion multimegaton multimillion multivitamin nasalization nazification nebulization neurosurgeon newspaperman newspapermen nidification nonadmission nonagenarian noneducation noninclusion nonlibrarian nonphysician nonsectarian noradrenalin northeastern northwestern notarization notification novelization obliteration obnubilation obstetrician octogenarian oleandomycin onomastician onychophoran optimisation optimization organisation organization ossification overexertion overlengthen overreaction overstridden overtaxation pacification pancreozymin pantechnicon paralyzation parkinsonian pediatrician penalization perpetration perpetuation perspiration perturbation petrifaction philodendron pigmentation placentation plastocyanin pogonophoran polarization polysyndeton porphyropsin postabortion postdiluvian postelection postposition potentiation preadmission precognition precondition predigestion predilection preformation prehistorian preinduction prelapsarian premigration prerecession presbyterian prescription preselection presentation preservation proboscidean proboscidian proclamation prolegomenon prolongation promulgation propitiation proscription prostacyclin prostitution proteoglycan protestation prothalamion purification putrefaction quantitation quantization racemization ramification ratification reactivation reallocation reannexation reassumption recollection recommission reconception reconnection reconversion reconviction recuperation redecoration rededication redefinition reescalation reevaluation refoundation regeneration registration reimposition reimpression reinspection rejuvenation remotivation remuneration renaturation renomination renunciation reoccupation repatriation repercussion replantation repopulation repossession reprehension reproduction reregulation restrengthen resubmission resurrection reticulation retrocession retrodiction retroflexion retroversion revalidation revegetation rhododendron rhombohedron robotization romanization salinization salutatorian sanitization satisfaction scatteration scatterbrain segmentation servicewoman servicewomen sexagenarian sexdecillion slumpflation solarization solicitation solifluction somatostatin somatotropin southeastern southwestern spermatozoan spermatozoon spiegeleisen spokesperson statistician stepchildren stereopticon sternutation streptolysin streptomycin stridulation strobilation strophanthin stupefaction suberization sublibrarian subscription substitution subterranean supersession superstation superstition supersurgeon supervention supplication sustentation tessellation tetanization tetrodotoxin theoretician theorization thyrotrophin totalitarian transduction transfection transmission transudation tredecillion trephination trichlorphon trichopteran trifurcation triplication turbellarian typification uglification umbilication underwritten unionisation unionization urbanisation urbanization valorization vaporization vasodilation vaticination vaudevillian velarization verification vesiculation vespertilian veterinarian vigintillion vilification vinification vitalization vituperation vivification vocalization vociferation warehouseman warehousemen workingwoman workingwomen accommodation accreditation acculturation accustomation acetaminophen acetification acidification actualization afforestation agglomeration agglutination amplification anglicization animadversion animalization anticollision anticorrosion antievolution antipollution antirecession antirejection appropriation approximation arabicization argumentation arithmetician aromatization assassination assemblywoman assemblywomen authoritarian authorization autoinfection bacterization balkanization barbarization beatification beneficiation bildungsroman bioconversion boustrophedon brainchildren brutalization businesswoman businesswomen calcification callithumpian canthaxanthin caprification carbonization carbonylation carboxylation carburization cartelization catechization cauterization cephalization cephalosporin certification ceruloplasmin chemisorption chromoprotein cicatrization circumvention clarification cliometrician coalification coastguardman coastguardmen cocainization cochairperson cocultivation collaboration commemoration commiseration communication communitarian communization comprehension concatenation concentration condescension confabulation confederation configuration conflagration confrontation congresswoman congresswomen consideration consolidation constellation consternation contamination contemplation contrabassoon contraception contradiction contravention cornification corroboration corticotropin counteraction counterbidden customization cybernetician cycloaddition cycloparaffin dandification decarbonation decerebration decomposition decompression decortication decrepitation defibrination deforestation degranulation demonstration demyelination densification denticulation deodorization deoxygenation derealization desegregation deterioration determination diagnostician diazotization dieselization digitoxigenin discoloration disconnection disinhibition dispossession disproportion dissemination dissimilation dissimulation documentarian documentation dogmatization domestication domiciliation dramatisation dramatization electrocution encapsulation epiphenomenon equilibration eroticization expectoration expostulation expropriation extermination extrapolation extravasation factorization falsification fasciculation fertilization feudalization foraminiferan formalization fortification fossilization fractionation fragmentation frequentation gallicization galvanization geopolitician germanization gesticulation ghettoization glamorization globalization glorification glycosylation gonadotrophin grandchildren gratification hallucination handcraftsman handcraftsmen harmonization haruspication hellenization hemagglutinin hybridization hydrogenation hydroxylation hyperfunction hypothecation impersonation improvisation incarceration incardination incorporation incrimination indisposition individuation inegalitarian ingurgitation instantiation intercalation interdominion interelectron intermountain interpolation interposition interrelation interrogation interspersion introgression introspection investigation isoagglutinin isomerization italicization jollification justification juxtaposition labialization lactoglobulin lignification linearization linguistician lithification lowerclassman lowerclassmen luteinization machicolation macroglobulin magnetization magnification malabsorption malacostracan maladaptation manifestation martyrization mastigophoran mathematician matriculation mechanization mediterranean megalopolitan mercerization mesencephalon metallization metaphysician metencephalon methemoglobin microplankton milliroentgen misallocation misassumption miscegenation misconception misconnection misestimation misevaluation misimpression misperception mitochondrion modernisation modernization mollification monocotyledon mortification multifunction multitrillion mummification mutualization mystification nannoplankton necessitarian necessitation nitrification nitroglycerin nitroparaffin nonaggression noncarcinogen nonconclusion nonconduction nonconnection nondeposition nonpolitician nonpossession nonregulation nonvegetarian normalization nucleoprotein nullification octodecillion orchestration ornamentation ornithischian overassertion overattention overeducation overexpansion overextension overinflation overnutrition oversecretion overvaluation oxyhemoglobin paediatrician palletization participation patronization pelletization peptidoglycan perambulation peregrination periodization perseveration petrification photoelectron photoemission photoreaction phycoerythrin phytopathogen phytoplankton picturization pidginization pluralization podsolization podzolization pontification postinfection postinjection postisolation postlapsarian postrecession preadaptation precipitation precombustion preconception preconvention preconviction predomination prefiguration premeditation prenomination preoccupation preordination prepossession preproduction prerevolution pretelevision pretermission prevarication privatization proliferation pronunciation prostaglandin psychosurgeon pulverization qualification quindecillion randomization ratiocination reacquisition reaffirmation reaggregation reapplication reattribution recalculation recalibration reciprocation recirculation recombination recompilation recomposition recomputation recrimination rectification redescription redisposition reduplication reexamination reexportation reforestation reformulation refrigeration regimentation regurgitation reimportation reincarnation reinfestation reinnervation reinoculation reintegration relubrication remonstration renegotiation reorientation republication repunctuation resegregation restimulation resuscitation retranslation retroflection retrogression retrospection reunification reutilization revaccination reverberation rhythmization ritualization routinization ruggedization scarification scintillation scleroprotein sedimentation semievergreen semiporcelain sensitisation sensitization sequestration serialization sexploitation sexualization signalization signification socialization solemnization somatotrophin sovietization specification spectinomycin sporopollenin stabilization sterilization strangulation structuration suballocation subcollection subcommission subgeneration subirrigation subordination subpopulation subsaturation subsidization subtilization summarization superaddition superfetation superposition supersalesman supersalesmen supplantation syllabication symbolization systemization telencephalon teleportation temporization tenderization terpsichorean terrorization thyroglobulin transcription transgression translocation transmountain transmutation transpiration transposition trapezohedron triangulation tropocollagen ultramarathon underclassman underclassmen upperclassman upperclassmen valedictorian vandalization verbalization verbigeration vermiculation vernalization versification victimization visualization vitrification vulcanisation vulcanization vulgarization weatherperson winterization zombification administration aerosolization alkalinization allegorization ammonification antiaggression anticarcinogen anticorruption antidefamation antidepression antireflection antisubversion apolipoprotein authentication automatization autosuggestion axiomatisation axiomatization bastardization beautification biodegradation bioremediation bipolarization bituminization blaxploitation bowdlerization businessperson capitalization categorization centralization centrifugation channelization chemoreception circumlocution circumspection circumvolution classification coastguardsman coastguardsmen commensuration committeewoman committeewomen concelebration concretization conglomeration conglutination congratulation congressperson contraposition corticotrophin cotransduction cyanocobalamin decaffeination dechlorination decimalization decolonization decolorization decompensation deconsecration deconstruction defeminization defenestration defibrillation dehumanization delegitimation delocalization demobilization demonetization demoralization denazification depigmentation depolarization derivatization desalinization detoxification digitalization disaffiliation disaggregation disambiguation disapprobation disassociation disciplinarian disconsolation discrimination disembarkation disinclination disinfestation disinformation disintegration disorientation dolomitization econometrician emulsification encephalitogen envenomization epithelization erythropoietin esterification ethnohistorian eutrophication evangelization exponentiation exsanguination fantastication federalization ferromagnesian fictionization foreordination fraternization fructification gelatinization gemeinschaften generalisation generalization gentrification geometrization gesellschaften graphitization handicraftsman handicraftsmen homogenisation homogenization humidification hyperexcretion hyperextension hyperinflation hypersecretion ichthyosaurian identification illegalization immobilization immunoglobulin implementation incapacitation incoordination indigenization indoctrination initialization interanimation intercommunion interdiffusion intergradation interlineation intermediation interpellation interpretation keratinization lateralization latitudinarian legitimization lexicalisation lexicalization liberalization literalization lyophilization lysogenization macroevolution microevolution microinjection micropulsation militarization mineralization misapplication misattribution miscalculation miscomputation miscorrelation misdescription misinformation misorientation missionization mistranslation misutilization mongrelization monopolization multiplication musicalization myelencephalon naturalization neurosecretion neutralization newspaperwoman newspaperwomen noncelebration noncompetition nonconsumption noncooperation noncorrelation noncultivation nondisjunction nonimplication nonimportation noninformation nonrecognition nonsegregation nonutilitarian novemdecillion osmoregulation overcorrection overdecoration overestimation overevaluation overextraction overmedication overpersuasion overpopulation overproduction overproportion overprotection overregulation oversaturation palatalization parasitization pasteurization phosphoprotein photoinduction photooxidation photoreception photoreduction plasticization politicization polymerisation polymerization popularization postamputation postconception postconvention postdepression postgraduation postliberation postproduction precipitinogen predestinarian predestination predevaluation predisposition prefabrication premillenarian preponderation prepublication pressurization presupposition pretermination prettification preunification prioritization proprioception prosencephalon protohistorian protoporphyrin pseudoscorpion quantification radicalization recanalization recapitulation recodification recolonization recommendation reconciliation reconfirmation reconsecration reconstitution reconstruction redintegration redistillation redistribution regularization rehabilitation reimplantation reinstallation reintroduction reinvigoration remobilization remonetization reorganization repolarization representation repristination reregistration retransmission retrogradation revalorization revitalization revivification rhinencephalon rigidification sabermetrician sanctification saponification schematization schoolchildren sclerotization secularization securitization sensualization septuagenarian seroconversion sesquipedalian silicification simplification solidification solitudinarian solubilization somnambulation sophistication specialisation specialization sportfisherman sportfishermen stigmatization stratification streptothricin stultification subinfeudation substantiation superannuation superelevation supererogation superinduction superinfection supernutrition superovulation superscription symmetrization tatterdemalion tergiversation tetragrammaton thermalization thermojunction thromboplastin transamination transformation transmigration transportation transvaluation traumatization trisoctahedron trivialization ultraprecision unappreciation uncircumcision underinflation undernutrition undervaluation uniformitarian valetudinarian vasodilatation volatilization weatherization westernisation westernization acanthocephalan acclimatization acetophenetidin agribusinessman agribusinessmen alphabetization antiegalitarian antilibertarian antisegregation antispeculation antivivisection autocorrelation autotransfusion biostatistician cannibalization catheterization cholecystokinin circularization circumscription circumvallation civilianization codetermination commodification complementation computerization conveyorization countercampaign counterpetition counterquestion counterreaction criminalization crossopterygian crystallization cyanoethylation deacidification decalcification decarboxylation decarburization decasualization decertification deconcentration decontamination deglamorization dehydrogenation demagnetization democratization demystification denitrification desacralization desensitization desertification desexualization destabilization desulfurization detribalization devitrification diagonalization dichotomization differentiation disarticulation discontinuation disintoxication disorganization dissatisfaction diversification electrification epichlorohydrin etherealization excommunication exemplification experimentation extemporisation extemporization exteriorization externalisation externalization familiarization formularization frenchification hematoporphyrin heterochromatin hospitalization hypercorrection hyperinvolution hyperproduction hypersalivation hypostatization immortalization immunodiffusion incomprehension inconsideration indemnification indetermination infantilization instrumentation insubordination intensification intercomparison interconnection interconversion interdigitation intergeneration interiorization intermodulation internalization interpopulation intervisitation intrapopulation intussusception latensification maldistribution marginalization masculinization materialization mathematization megacorporation microdissection microprojection miniaturization misapprehension misconstruction misdistribution misrecollection misregistration misvocalization nationalization nonconservation nonconstruction nonexploitation nonintervention nonmetropolitan nonprescription nontotalitarian objectification oligomerization overapplication overconsumption overcultivation overelaboration overexpectation overspeculation overstimulation overutilization parametrization parliamentarian personalization personification phenolphthalein phosphatization phosphorylation photoexcitation photoionization photoproduction plainclothesman plainclothesmen platitudinarian postdevaluation postinoculation postirradiation postmillenarian postpollination poststimulation posttransfusion postvaccination precancellation preimplantation prekindergarten premodification prenotification preregistration procrastination prognostication proselytization prussianization pseudepigraphon psychohistorian psychometrician quadruplication radioprotection rationalization reaccreditation reafforestation reauthorization recertification reconcentration reconfiguration reconsideration recontamination redetermination refortification regionalization reincorporation reinvestigation renormalization reorchestration reprivatization requalification resocialization retroreflection revisualization rhombencephalon romanticization semiabstraction septendecillion standardization suboptimization suborganization suburbanization subvocalization superimposition superphenomenon supersaturation supplementation syllabification synchronisation synchronization systematization tetrahydrofuran thunderstricken thyrocalcitonin transfiguration transliteration transplantation ultrafiltration underestimation underproduction vascularization antiassimilation anticonservation antihumanitarian antiorganization antiprostitution antitotalitarian autoimmunization autointoxication biodeterioration biomathematician characterization chymotrypsinogen circumambulation circumnavigation coadministration collectivization compartmentation containerisation containerization contraindication copolymerization counterinflation countertradition cryopreservation decentralization declassification dehumidification demilitarization demineralization denaturalization denuclearization depoliticization depolymerization depressurization diphthongization discombobulation disequilibration disqualification editorialization enterochromaffin fictionalization hemagglutination hyperinnervation hyperstimulation hyperventilation immunoregulation indiscrimination insolubilization interassociation intercalibration intercorrelation interpenetration interstimulation macroinstruction magnetostriction mechanoreception microcirculation microinstruction misappropriation miscommunication miscomprehension mispronunciation mistranscription municipalization nonauthoritarian noncommunication noncomprehension nonconfrontation noncontradiction nonmathematician nonparticipation nonproliferation overcompensation overexaggeration overexploitation overprescription oversubscription parameterization photocoagulation photocomposition photoduplication photorespiration pictorialization politicalization polycondensation postresurrection precertification predetermination preincorporation prequalification prestidigitation recapitalization recentralization reclassification reinterpretation remilitarization resolidification retransformation rhynchocephalian saccharification spiritualization subjectivization supercorporation superfecundation superspeculation synchrocyclotron technicalization thermoregulation tintinnabulation underutilization universalization unsophistication vasoconstriction weltanschauungen anagrammatization antiauthoritarian antidesegregation antimiscegenation bacteriorhodopsin biotransformation bureaucratization commercialization conceptualization consubstantiation contradistinction counteraccusation counteradaptation counteraggression counterconvention counterrevolution countersuggestion decriminalization dedifferentiation dematerialization demythologization denationalization depersonalization dephosphorylation diphenylhydantoin disintermediation electrodeposition epithelialization fractionalization glycosaminoglycan hyperalimentation hyperimmunization hyperpigmentation hyperpolarization hyposensitization immunosuppression impersonalization individualization industrialization intercolumniation maladministration melodramatization micromanipulation microreproduction misadministration misclassification misidentification misinterpretation misrepresentation neurotransmission nondiscrimination nonfraternization orthogonalization overcommunication overconcentration overextrapolation overfertilization particularization photodissociation photoreactivation photoreproduction provincialization quattuordecillion recrystallization rehospitalization renationalization revascularization ribonucleoprotein semidomestication structuralization subcategorization subclassification supercivilization telecommunication theatricalization transillumination transistorization antiadministration antidiscrimination bourgeoisification chlorofluorocarbon counterinstitution counterreformation counterretaliation disproportionation electrodesiccation establishmentarian evapotranspiration hyperconcentration hypersensitization intercommunication microencapsulation overcapitalization overcentralization overclassification overgeneralization overidentification overinterpretation overrepresentation oversimplification overspecialization ovolactovegetarian photodecomposition photosensitization phytohemagglutinin polyesterification proletarianization sentimentalization territorialization transmogrification transubstantiation adrenocorticotropin antidesertification conventionalization countermobilization cytodifferentiation dehydrochlorination deindustrialization departmentalization homotransplantation immunoprecipitation intellectualization interstratification mischaracterization overdifferentiation photodisintegration photointerpretation professionalization reconceptualization reindustrialization superspecialization ultracentrifugation underrepresentation adrenocorticotrophin anthropomorphization compartmentalization counterdemonstration institutionalization internationalization microminiaturization photophosphorylation pseudosophistication constitutionalization counterinterpretation disestablishmentarian overcommercialization deinstitutionalization reinstitutionalization overintellectualization

What is the role of state according to church's social teachings?

Pope Pius IX, in dealing with the errors of Modernism, and the rise of secular governments issued the Syllabus of Errors in the 19th century. There is one section that deals with civil governments, and one that deals strictly with the Church's teaching. Please remember that each of these, AS STATED, as been condemned by the Popes (I would particularly call your attention to sections V and VI): THE SYLLABUS OF ERRORS CONDEMNED BY PIUS IXI. PANTHEISM, NATURALISM AND ABSOLUTE RATIONALISM1. There exists no Supreme, all-wise, all-provident Divine Being, distinct from the universe, and God is identical with the nature of things, and is, therefore, subject to changes. In effect, God is produced in man and in the world, and all things are God and have the very substance of God, and God is one and the same thing with the world, and, therefore, spirit with matter, necessity with liberty, good with evil, justice with injustice. -- Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.2. All action of God upon man and the world is to be denied. -- Ibid.3. Human reason, without any reference whatsoever to God, is the sole arbiter of truth and falsehood, and of good and evil; it is law to itself, and suffices, by its natural force, to secure the welfare of men and of nations. -- Ibid.4. All the truths of religion proceed from the innate strength of human reason; hence reason is the ultimate standard by which man can and ought to arrive at the knowledge of all truths of every kind. -- Ibid. and Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9, 1846, etc.5. Divine revelation is imperfect, and therefore subject to a continual and indefinite progress, corresponding with the advancement of human reason. -- Ibid.6. The faith of Christ is in opposition to human reason and divine revelation not only is not useful, but is even hurtful to the perfection of man. -- Ibid.7. The prophecies and miracles set forth and recorded in the Sacred Scriptures are the fiction of poets, and the mysteries of the Christian faith the result of philosophical investigations. In the books of the Old and the New Testament there are contained mythical inventions, and Jesus Christ is Himself a myth.II. MODERATE RATIONALISM8. As human reason is placed on a level with religion itself, so theological must be treated in the same manner as philosophical sciences. -- Allocution "Singulari quadam," Dec. 9, 1854.9. All the dogmas of the Christian religion are indiscriminately the object of natural science or philosophy, and human reason, enlightened solely in an historical way, is able, by its own natural strength and principles, to attain to the true science of even the most abstruse dogmas; provided only that such dogmas be proposed to reason itself as its object. -- Letters to the Archbishop of Munich, "Gravissimas inter," Dec. 11, 1862, and "Tuas libenter," Dec. 21, 1863.10. As the philosopher is one thing, and philosophy another, so it is the right and duty of the philosopher to subject himself to the authority which he shall have proved to be true; but philosophy neither can nor ought to submit to any such authority. -- Ibid., Dec. 11, 1862.11. The Church not only ought never to pass judgment on philosophy, but ought to tolerate the errors of philosophy, leaving it to correct itself. -- Ibid., Dec. 21, 1863.12. The decrees of the Apostolic See and of the Roman congregations impede the true progress of science. -- Ibid.13. The method and principles by which the old scholastic doctors cultivated theology are no longer suitable to the demands of our times and to the progress of the sciences. -- Ibid.14. Philosophy is to be treated without taking any account of supernatural revelation. -- Ibid.III. INDIFFERENTISM, LATITUDINARIANISM15. Every man is free to embrace and profess that religion which, guided by the light of reason, he shall consider true. -- Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862; Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.16. Man may, in the observance of any religion whatever, find the way of eternal salvation, and arrive at eternal salvation. -- Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9, 1846.17. Good hope at least is to be entertained of the eternal salvation of all those who are not at all in the true Church of Christ. -- Encyclical "Quanto conficiamur," Aug. 10, 1863, etc.18. Protestantism is nothing more than another form of the same true Christian religion, in which form it is given to please God equally as in the Catholic Church. -- Encyclical "Noscitis," Dec. 8, 1849.IV. SOCIALISM, COMMUNISM, SECRET SOCIETIES, BIBLICAL SOCIETIES, CLERICO-LIBERAL SOCIETIESPests of this kind are frequently reprobated in the severest terms in the Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9, 1846, Allocution "Quibus quantisque," April 20, 1849, Encyclical "Noscitis et nobiscum," Dec. 8, 1849, Allocution "Singulari quadam," Dec. 9, 1854, Encyclical "Quanto conficiamur," Aug. 10, 1863.V. ERRORS CONCERNING THE CHURCH AND HER RIGHTS19. The Church is not a true and perfect society, entirely free- nor is she endowed with proper and perpetual rights of her own, conferred upon her by her Divine Founder; but it appertains to the civil power to define what are the rights of the Church, and the limits within which she may exercise those rights. -- Allocution "Singulari quadam," Dec. 9, 1854, etc.20. The ecclesiastical power ought not to exercise its authority without the permission and assent of the civil government. -- Allocution "Meminit unusquisque," Sept. 30, 1861.21. The Church has not the power of defining dogmatically that the religion of the Catholic Church is the only true religion. -- Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.22. The obligation by which Catholic teachers and authors are strictly bound is confined to those things only which are proposed to universal belief as dogmas of faith by the infallible judgment of the Church. -- Letter to the Archbishop of Munich, "Tuas libenter," Dec. 21, 1863.23. Roman pontiffs and ecumenical councils have wandered outside the limits of their powers, have usurped the rights of princes, and have even erred in defining matters of faith and morals. -- Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.24. The Church has not the power of using force, nor has she any temporal power, direct or indirect. -- Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851.25. Besides the power inherent in the episcopate, other temporal power has been attributed to it by the civil authority granted either explicitly or tacitly, which on that account is revocable by the civil authority whenever it thinks fit. -- Ibid.26. The Church has no innate and legitimate right of acquiring and possessing property. -- Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856; Encyclical "Incredibili," Sept. 7, 1863.27. The sacred ministers of the Church and the Roman pontiff are to be absolutely excluded from every charge and dominion over temporal affairs. -- Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.28. It is not lawful for bishops to publish even letters Apostolic without the permission of Government. -- Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856.29. Favours granted by the Roman pontiff ought to be considered null, unless they have been sought for through the civil government. -- Ibid.30. The immunity of the Church and of ecclesiastical persons derived its origin from civil law. -- Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.31. The ecclesiastical forum or tribunal for the temporal causes, whether civil or criminal, of clerics, ought by all means to be abolished, even without consulting and against the protest of the Holy See. -- Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856; Allocution "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852.32. The personal immunity by which clerics are exonerated from military conscription and service in the army may be abolished without violation either of natural right or equity. Its abolition is called for by civil progress, especially in a society framed on the model of a liberal government. -- Letter to the Bishop of Monreale "Singularis nobisque," Sept. 29, 1864.33. It does not appertain exclusively to the power of ecclesiastical jurisdiction by right, proper and innate, to direct the teaching of theological questions. -- Letter to the Archbishop of Munich, "Tuas libenter," Dec. 21, 1863.34. The teaching of those who compare the Sovereign Pontiff to a prince, free and acting in the universal Church, is a doctrine which prevailed in the Middle Ages. -- Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851.35. There is nothing to prevent the decree of a general council, or the act of all peoples, from transferring the supreme pontificate from the bishop and city of Rome to another bishop and another city. -- Ibid.36. The definition of a national council does not admit of any subsequent discussion, and the civil authority car assume this principle as the basis of its acts. -- Ibid.37. National churches, withdrawn from the authority of the Roman pontiff and altogether separated, can be established. -- Allocution "Multis gravibusque," Dec. 17, 1860.38. The Roman pontiffs have, by their too arbitrary conduct, contributed to the division of the Church into Eastern and Western. -- Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851.VI. ERRORS ABOUT CIVIL SOCIETY, CONSIDERED BOTH IN ITSELF AND IN ITS RELATION TO THE CHURCH39. The State, as being the origin and source of all rights, is endowed with a certain right not circumscribed by any limits. -- Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.40. The teaching of the Catholic Church is hostile to the well- being and interests of society. -- Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9, 1846; Allocution "Quibus quantisque," April 20, 1849.41. The civil government, even when in the hands of an infidel sovereign, has a right to an indirect negative power over religious affairs. It therefore possesses not only the right called that of "exsequatur," but also that of appeal, called "appellatio ab abusu." -- Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 185142. In the case of conflicting laws enacted by the two powers, the civil law prevails. -- Ibid.43. The secular Dower has authority to rescind, declare and render null, solemn conventions, commonly called concordats, entered into with the Apostolic See, regarding the use of rights appertaining to ecclesiastical immunity, without the consent of the Apostolic See, and even in spite of its protest. -- Allocution "Multis gravibusque," Dec. 17, 1860; Allocution "In consistoriali," Nov. 1, 1850.44. The civil authority may interfere in matters relating to religion, morality and spiritual government: hence, it can pass judgment on the instructions issued for the guidance of consciences, conformably with their mission, by the pastors of the Church. Further, it has the right to make enactments regarding the administration of the divine sacraments, and the dispositions necessary for receiving them. -- Allocutions "In consistoriali," Nov. 1, 1850, and "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.45. The entire government of public schools in which the youth- of a Christian state is educated, except (to a certain extent) in the case of episcopal seminaries, may and ought to appertain to the civil power, and belong to it so far that no other authority whatsoever shall be recognized as having any right to interfere in the discipline of the schools, the arrangement of the studies, the conferring of degrees, in the choice or approval of the teachers. -- Allocutions "Quibus luctuosissimis," Sept. 5, 1851, and "In consistoriali," Nov. 1, 1850.46. Moreover, even in ecclesiastical seminaries, the method of studies to be adopted is subject to the civil authority. -- Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856.47. The best theory of civil society requires that popular schools open to children of every class of the people, and, generally, all public institutes intended for instruction in letters and philosophical sciences and for carrying on the education of youth, should be freed from all ecclesiastical authority, control and interference, and should be fully subjected to the civil and political power at the pleasure of the rulers, and according to the standard of the prevalent opinions of the age. -- Epistle to the Archbishop of Freiburg, "Cum non sine," July 14, 1864.48. Catholics may approve of the system of educating youth unconnected with Catholic faith and the power of the Church, and which regards the knowledge of merely natural things, and only, or at least primarily, the ends of earthly social life. -- Ibid.49. The civil power may prevent the prelates of the Church and the faithful from communicating freely and mutually with the Roman pontiff. -- Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.50. Lay authority possesses of itself the right of presenting bishops, and may require of them to undertake the administration of the diocese before they receive canonical institution, and the Letters Apostolic from the Holy See. -- Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856.51. And, further, the lay government has the right of deposing bishops from their pastoral functions, and is not bound to obey the Roman pontiff in those things which relate to the institution of bishoprics and the appointment of bishops. -- Allocution "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852, Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.52. Government can, by its own right, alter the age prescribed by the Church for the religious profession of women and men; and may require of all religious orders to admit no person to take solemn vows without its permission. -- Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856.53. The laws enacted for the protection of religious orders and regarding their rights and duties ought to be abolished; nay, more, civil Government may lend its assistance to all who desire to renounce the obligation which they have undertaken of a religious life, and to break their vows. Government may also suppress the said religious orders, as likewise collegiate churches and simple benefices, even those of advowson and subject their property and revenues to the administration and pleasure of the civil power. -- Allocutions "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852; "Probe memineritis," Jan. 22, 1855; "Cum saepe," July 26, 1855.54. Kings and princes are not only exempt from the jurisdiction of the Church, but are superior to the Church in deciding questions of jurisdiction. -- Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.55. The Church ought to be separated from the .State, and the State from the Church. -- Allocution "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852.VII. ERRORS CONCERNING NATURAL AND CHRISTIAN ETHICS56. Moral laws do not stand in need of the divine sanction, and it is not at all necessary that human laws should be made conformable to the laws of nature and receive their power of binding from God. -- Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.57. The science of philosophical things and morals and also civil laws may and ought to keep aloof from divine and ecclesiastical authority. -- Ibid.58. No other forces are to be recognized except those which reside in matter, and all the rectitude and excellence of morality ought to be placed in the accumulation and increase of riches by every possible means, and the gratification of pleasure. -- Ibid.; Encyclical "Quanto conficiamur," Aug. 10, 1863.59. Right consists in the material fact. All human duties are an empty word, and all human facts have the force of right. -- Allocution "Maxima quidem," June 9, 1862.60. Authority is nothing else but numbers and the sum total of material forces. -- Ibid.61. The injustice of an act when successful inflicts no injury on the sanctity of right. -- Allocution "Jamdudum cernimus," March 18, 1861.62. The principle of non-intervention, as it is called, ought to be proclaimed and observed. -- Allocution "Novos et ante," Sept. 28, 1860.63. It is lawful to refuse obedience to legitimate princes, and even to rebel against them. -- Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9, 1864; Allocution "Quibusque vestrum," Oct. 4, 1847; "Noscitis et Nobiscum," Dec. 8, 1849; Apostolic Letter "Cum Catholica."64. The violation of any solemn oath, as well as any wicked and flagitious action repugnant to the eternal law, is not only not blamable but is altogether lawful and worthy of the highest praise when done through love of country. -- Allocution "Quibus quantisque," April 20, 1849.VIII. ERRORS CONCERNING CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE65. The doctrine that Christ has raised marriage to the dignity of a sacrament cannot be at all tolerated. -- Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851.66. The Sacrament of Marriage is only a something accessory to the contract and separate from it, and the sacrament itself consists in the nuptial benediction alone. -- Ibid.67. By the law of nature, the marriage tie is not indissoluble, and in many cases divorce properly so called may be decreed by the civil authority. -- Ibid.; Allocution "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852.68. The Church has not the power of establishing diriment impediments of marriage, but such a power belongs to the civil authority by which existing impediments are to be removed. -- Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851.69. In the dark ages the Church began to establish diriment impediments, not by her own right, but by using a power borrowed from the State. -- Apostolic Letter "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851.70. The canons of the Council of Trent, which anathematize those who dare to deny to the Church the right of establishing diriment impediments, either are not dogmatic or must be understood as referring to such borrowed power. -- Ibid.71. The form of solemnizing marriage prescribed by the Council of Trent, under pain of nullity, does not bind in cases where the civil law lays down another form, and declares that when this new form is used the marriage shall be valid.72. Boniface VIII was the first who declared that the vow of chastity taken at ordination renders marriage void. -- Ibid.73. In force of a merely civil contract there may exist between Christians a real marriage, and it is false to say either that the marriage contract between Christians is always a sacrament, or that there is no contract if the sacrament be excluded. -- Ibid.; Letter to the King of Sardinia, Sept. 9, 1852; Allocutions "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852, "Multis gravibusque," Dec. 17, 1860.74. Matrimonial causes and espousals belong by their nature to civil tribunals. -- Encyclical "Qui pluribus," Nov. 9 1846; Damnatio "Multiplices inter," June 10, 1851, "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851; Allocution "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852.IX. ERRORS REGARDING THE CIVIL POWER OF THE SOVEREIGN PONTIFF75. The children of the Christian and Catholic Church are divided amongst themselves about the compatibility of the temporal with the spiritual power. -- "Ad Apostolicae," Aug. 22, 1851.76. The abolition of the temporal power of which the Apostolic See is possessed would contribute in the greatest degree to the liberty and prosperity of the Church. -- Allocutions "Quibus quantisque," April 20, 1849, "Si semper antea," May 20, 1850.X. ERRORS HAVING REFERENCE TO MODERN LIBERALISM77. In the present day it is no longer expedient that the Catholic religion should be held as the only religion of the State, to the exclusion of all other forms of worship. -- Allocution "Nemo vestrum," July 26, 1855.78. Hence it has been wisely decided by law, in some Catholic countries, that persons coming to reside therein shall enjoy the public exercise of their own peculiar worship. -- Allocution "Acerbissimum," Sept. 27, 1852.79. Moreover, it is false that the civil liberty of every form of worship, and the full power, given to all, of overtly and publicly manifesting any opinions whatsoever and thoughts, conduce more easily to corrupt the morals and minds of the people, and to propagate the pest of indifferentism. -- Allocution "Nunquam fore," Dec. 15, 1856.80. The Roman Pontiff can, and ought to, reconcile himself, and come to terms with progress, liberalism and modern civilization.- -Allocution "Jamdudum cernimus," March 18, 1861.The faith teaches us and human reason demonstrates that a double order of things exists, and that we must therefore distinguish between the two earthly powers, the one of natural origin which provides for secular affairs and the tranquillity of human society, the other of supernatural origin, which presides over the City of God, that is to say the Church of Christ, which has been divinely instituted for the sake of souls and of eternal salvation.... The duties of this twofold power are most wisely ordered in such a way that to God is given what is God's (Matt. 22:21), and because of God to Caesar what is Caesar's, who is great because he is smaller than heaven. Certainly the Church has never disobeyed this divine command, the Church which always and everywhere instructs the faithful to show the respect which they should inviolably have for the supreme authority and its secular rights..... . . Venerable Brethren, you see clearly enough how sad and full of perils is the condition of Catholics in the regions of Europe which We have mentioned. Nor are things any better or circumstances calmer in America, where some regions are so hostile to Catholics that their governments seem to deny by their actions the Catholic faith they claim to profess. In fact, there, for the last few years, a ferocious war on the Church, its institutions and the rights of the Apostolic See has been raging.... Venerable Brothers, it is surprising that in our time such a great war is being waged against the Catholic Church. But anyone who knows the nature, desires and intentions of the sects, whether they be called masonic or bear another name, and compares them with the nature the systems and the vastness of the obstacles by which the Church has been assailed almost everywhere, cannot doubt that the present misfortune must mainly be imputed to the frauds and machinations of these sects. It is from them that the synagogue of Satan, which gathers its troops against the Church of Christ, takes its strength. In the past Our predecessors, vigilant even from the beginning in Israel, had already denounced them to the kings and the nations, and had condemned them time and time again, and even We have not failed in this duty. If those who would have been able to avert such a deadly scourge had only had more faith in the supreme Pastors of the Church! But this scourge, winding through sinuous caverns, . . . deceiving many with astute frauds, finally has arrived at the point where it comes forth impetuously from its hiding places and triumphs as a powerful master. Since the throng of its propagandists has grown enormously, these wicked groups think that they have already become masters of the world and that they have almost reached their pre-established goal. Having sometimes obtained what they desired, and that is power, in several countries, they boldly turn the help of powers and authorities which they have secured to trying to submit the Church of God to the most cruel servitude, to undermine the foundations on which it rests, to contaminate its splendid qualities; and, moreover, to strike it with frequent blows, to shake it, to overthrow it, and, if possible, to make it disappear completely from the earth. Things being thus, Venerable Brothers, make every effort to defend the faithful which are entrusted to you against the insidious contagion of these sects and to save from perdition those who unfortunately have inscribed themselves in such sects. Make known and attack those who, whether suffering from, or planning, deception, are not afraid to affirm that these shady congregations aim only at the profit of society, at progress and mutual benefit. Explain to them often and impress deeply on their souls the Papal constitutions on this subject and teach, them that the masonic associations are anathematized by them not only in Europe but also in America and wherever they may be in the whole world.To the Archbishops and Bishops of Prussia concerning the situation of the Catholic Church faced with persecution by that Government....But although they (the bishops resisting persecution) should be praised rather than pitied, the scorn of episcopal dignity, the violation of the liberty and the rights of the Church, the ill treatment which does not only oppress those dioceses, but also the others of the Kingdom of Prussia, demand that We, owing to the Apostolic office with which God has entrusted us in spite of Our insufficient merit, protest against laws which have produced such great evils and make one fear even greater ones; and as far as we are able to do so with the sacred authority of divine law, We vindicate for the Church the freedom which has been trodden underfoot with sacrilegious violence. That is why by this letter we intend to do Our duty by announcing openly to all those whom this matter concerns and to the whole Catholic world, that these laws are null and void because they are absolutely contrary to the divine constitution of the Church. In fact, with respect to matters which concern the holy ministry, Our Lord did not put the mighty of this century in charge, but Saint Peter, whom he entrusted not only with feeding his sheep, but also the goats; therefore no power in the world, however great it may be, can deprive of the pastoral office those whom the Holy Ghost has made Bishops in order to feed the Church of God.

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