apples
No. Wheat is a crop, not a pasture. However winter wheat can be grown to be grazed as temporary pasture during the summer time, or grown to be grazed in the fall or winter.
In all scenarios, in winter months horses should be given at least 1.5 to 3% of their body weight in some form of forage; it could be in the form of long stem hay, chopped hays, forage based cubes, or combinations thereof. They should also have access to salt all times and unlimited ice free water.
You should feed roughly the same as in the other months if the winter weather does not drop below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. If it does however you should add and extra 1-5 pounds of hay per 5 degrees below 40 the temperature drops.
This can depend on the breed of horse and type of work the horse is being used for. Example, is the horse kept for training and competition or is the horse for hacking/riding for pleasure. Stable vs pasture can also depend on the time of year -winter vs summer and of course the quality of the pasture- is there shelter and food.
Yes they push the snow away from the pasture and eat
In summer, sheep graze on pasture. And in winter, they are fed hay and grain.
Ungulates such as caribou must constantly browse, or forage, for their sustenance.
Yes, but the pasture in the winter may not be enough to sustain the horse so extra feed may be required.
Range cows often don't need to be pampered as much as feedlot or other "farmer's cows" do with grain and such. During the winter, you can have them forage for themselves by having them on a stockpiled pasture with grass-stems sticking up out of the snow. But this depends on how much snow a rancher gets in the winter. Sometimes they need to be supplemented with bales of oat straw or swath-grazed on a winter-barley or winter-oats feild. This cuts down on time spent on the tractor feeding the cows. Range cows can be pretty smart on how to figure out how to get forage on their own like elk and bison do, but it takes a while for them to get it if they're older than if they were shown when they were calves. In the summer time, they are still out on range pasture, grazing the hillsides and in the forest on their own. It is easier for them to find good eating in the summer than the winter because plants and trees and shrubs are green and growing. Range cows don't need to be fed everyday. Often they only see a human being once or twice a year when they have to be processed and weaned, respectively.
there is no enough to feed to collect for winter enough pasture for cattle to graze on.
Because grass is sparse in winter, you would generally supplement their forage with hay, now which kind of hay is left up to the owner's discretion. :)
Besides how they are housed, where they live and what they are fed, there are almost no significant differences between them. The primary difference is how they are fed. Feedlot cattle are fed an 85% grain or concentrate diet (the rest is forage), and pasture-fed cattle are obviously set to graze grass on pasture.What's interesting in this respect is that feedlot cattle have been pastured before they entered the feedlot. These cattle have been on pasture pretty well since the day they were born, and remained so for a year and a half (~18 months) before being sent to the feedlot to be "finished" for beef. Even the weaned calves that enter the feedlot are put on pasture in the summer for 5 or 6 months, and in the winter or during the times when they cannot be on pasture they are fed a forage-rich diet. Pastured cattle will also be fed the same way if they do not have pasture to graze on, because not all areas can raise cattle on pasture all year round.The differences that may be seen is when cattle are mere days away from being sent to slaughter. Feedlot cattle are younger and somewhat fatter than pasture-finished cattle, being finished at around 20 to 24 months of age. Pasture-finished cattle are not as fat, but still well conditioned, but older. By the time they are ready for slaughter, they are around 28 to 30 months of age. Breeds and breeding matters little between feedlot and pastured cattle, feed efficiency is not breed specific, but individual-specific within and between breeds.