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This question could mean one of two things: "harvesting" as in cutting, or "harvesting" as in baling.

In terms of cutting, grass hay should be cut when the grass has just started flowering or a little sooner. Legume hay is best cut when the field is at the 20% bloom stage; when cutting a grass-legume hay field, often a bit of both of above is the best time to cut. When cutting at this stage, this ensures that the forage has the right level of fibre content, but also the right level of protein and energy content (or general nutrient content). If hay is cut any later or even earlier, nutrient content is lower, resulting in poorer performance from your animals if fed lower quality hay.

When baling hay, this "harvesting" of hay ensures that it is dried to the right moisture level. If hay is baled up when it is too wet, it will do one of two things: heat up due to anaerobic activity and combust, or heat up from the middle out and turn moldy from the inside out. Neither scenarios are desirable. Hay should be baled at no more than 20% moisture (as is), when the swaths are dry not just on the outside, but also tested for moisture on the inside. If there is a little moisture on the inside, even this little extra moisture will cause a bit of problems. So the hay has to be raked or turned over with a V-rake before it is baled, then baled at the hottest part of the day (or an hour or so after it has been raked that same day). If hay is baled in the morning or in the evening, the dew on the swaths will also ruin the quality of the hay, causing moldy hay or worse.

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