Check owner manual for correct oil
they use 5w-30
This varies depending on the engine size. We will need more information to accuratly tell what the proper oil weight is.
10w30
The weight of motor oil will depend on the size container. A gallon of motor oil weighs approximately 7.5 pounds.
this is for 2007 vw bettle but the concept is similarhttp://www.rootsrain.com/?m=200706
You have a brand new car and it came with an owner's manual. Open that manual and it will list the recommended oil weight.
10w30 weight
It all depends on the model year, engine size and part of the country that you live. As an example the new 5.7L engines use 0. viscosity oil while the others size engines use a much heaver weight.
When you go to purchase a new filter they can tell you the correct size.
That would depend on what year of Ford Ranger and what size of engine it has
under neath the motor there is a round plate with 6 or 8 nuts, take that off the oil will drain. Then you must clean the screen, then put it back together and add oil.
Usually by an oil pump located in the oil reservoir (pan). Oil is delivered under pressure which can be effected by many things, such as size of pump, oil weight, oil viscosity, age of engine, etc.