Please refine the question, your makeing no scence....
Causal validity is also referred to as internal validity. It refers to how well experiments are done and what we can infer from those results.
Experiments provide empirical evidence to test hypotheses and determine causal relationships between variables. They allow researchers to manipulate conditions and observe outcomes, leading to a clearer understanding of phenomena. By controlling variables, experiments can reduce biases and enhance the reliability of findings, ultimately contributing to scientific knowledge and advancements.
Causal research must be designed in such a way that the evidence regarding causality is clear. The main sources of data for causal research are interrogating respondents through surveys and conducting experiments
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Experiments and observations are both methods used in scientific research to gather information about the world. They both involve collecting data, testing hypotheses, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. However, experiments involve manipulating variables to test causal relationships, while observations involve simply watching and recording phenomena without interference.
Experiments are helpful because they allow researchers to test hypotheses in a controlled environment, providing empirical evidence to support or refute scientific theories. By manipulating variables and observing outcomes, experiments can reveal causal relationships and clarify underlying mechanisms. Additionally, they contribute to the advancement of knowledge by enabling reproducibility and verification of results, which is essential for building a robust scientific foundation.
Positivists typically use quantitative research methods such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analyses to study observable phenomena and establish causal relationships. They emphasize objectivity, empirical evidence, and the scientific method in their research approach.
A causal story is an explanation of events or outcomes that emphasizes the relationships between different factors or variables, highlighting how one factor leads to the occurrence of another. It aims to narrate how specific causes result in particular effects or consequences. Causal stories help understand the mechanics and relationships behind phenomena and are commonly used in scientific research and analysis.
Experiments typically explore causal relationships between variables. By manipulating one or more independent variables and observing the effects on dependent variables, researchers can determine whether changes in one factor lead to changes in another. This approach helps establish cause-and-effect connections, allowing for a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms.
The purpose of experimental research in psychology is to systematically investigate cause-and-effect relationships between variables. By conducting experiments, researchers can control for potential confounding variables and establish a more definitive understanding of the factors that influence human behavior and mental processes. This allows for the development and testing of theories to advance psychological knowledge.
Experiments allow scientists to test hypotheses and gather empirical data, which helps them understand the underlying principles of natural phenomena. By manipulating variables and observing outcomes, researchers can establish causal relationships and validate theories. This systematic approach also enables reproducibility, ensuring that findings can be verified by others. Ultimately, experiments drive scientific progress by refining knowledge and leading to new discoveries.
a scientific explanation of the total causal relationships of an assemblage of phenomena that are mutually coordinated but not subordinated at places.