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We find examples of this in The Bible, such as Adino Haetzani, Ira Haya'iri, Doeg Haadomi. These last names are actually adjectives based on place names or personal qualities. There are similar examples in the Talmud, such as Shimon Hapekoli and Shimon Hatimni.

Formal last names began at the same time as the general (non-Jewish) population. The people were told by kings' emissaries to choose last names for purposes of record-keeping, taxation and military service. Early last names often began from place-names (Rapaport), personal appearance (Cruikshank), etc.

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