If you are a US citizen, there is no law regarding this. You can stay out of the US for as long as you wish, you will never lose your citizenship and can return anytime you want, as long as you can prove you are a citizen.
As long as you pay taxes and still have "ties with US" as proof of your intention to return to US and to continue to be a US citizen, its not a problem if you stay outside US.
A US citizen can stay in Malaysia for up to 90 days without a visa.
Being already a Filipino citizen because of Dual Citizenship, You can stay as long as you like.
you can stay as long as you want make sure you have enough cash and gifts to give people to stay entertain
As an American Citizen you can stay however long you want outside the USA! However, if your a resident, US Laws regarding that limits time you can be outside the US. I am not sure if it is 1 or 2 years before you have to enter the USA.
One year as long as you were born in the Philippines.
It makes no difference how long a US citizen of ANY age is out of the country. "Once a US Citizen, always a US Citizen." -UNLESS- you renounce your US citizenship and become a citizen of another country. However, since the question is about a 'minor' child that eventuality should not arise.
6 months
A US citizen can stay in Japan for up to 90 days without a visa for tourism or business purposes. If they wish to stay longer, they would need to apply for a visa or an extension of stay.
As long as your visa is valid
three months