No country in Central America has legalized same-sex marriage.
Same-sex marriage was legalized in North Carolina on October 9, 2014.
Yes, it can. It has been in a number of places.
The issue in India is complex, but in general terms, same-sex marriage has not been legalized in India due to religious and cultural taboos against gay people.
In places where it has been legalized, it happens exactly the same way as any other marriage (i.e., apply for marriage license, ceremony before authorized officiant, registration of marriage, issuance of certificate). In places where it has not been legalized, it does not happen except symbolically.
The states that have legalized same-sex marriage did so because either the legislature or judiciary came to the conclusion that the state had no legitimate or compelling reason to deny marriage rights to same-sex couples.
No. Although same-sex marriage has been legalized in Denmark, the law does not extend to the Faroe Islands.
No. Although same-sex marriage has been legalized in New Zealand, that law does not apply in this territory of New Zealand.
No. Colorado has legalized civil unions, but a marriage equality bill has never been introduced into the legislature.
No. No such amendment has been made. Same-sex marriage was legalized in Iowa beginning April 3, 2009.
No. No such amendment has been made. In fact, same-sex marriage was legalized in Maine on November 6, 2012.
No. No such amendment has been made. Same-sex marriage was legalized in Washington state on November 6, 2012.