How did Duke and the king make up for the shortage of money?

Answer 1

They put in the money they had made at the Royal Nonesuch.

Answer 2

That all depends on whether or not you mean a specific duke or king and/or a specific time frame.

In general, a duke or a king could raise taxes, or confiscate property. Specifically, many were known for robbing "The Church" and abbeys in medieval times. One even required nobles to attend events and then charged them outlandish fees to attend. They often jailed nobles and confiscated their lands and holdings. When all else failed, they'd try to borrow from "The Church" or nobles. Kidnap and ransom was another great way to increase their larders.

If they needed money, marrying a rich, noble heiress was the way to go. In fact, if you were rich and a woman, even if you were married, you weren't safe from abduction, forced rape, and/or forced marriage. This was a great way for kings and dukes to replenish their fortunes.

Most kings today don't have that authority or ability. Dukes certainly don't.

Answer 3

Duke and the King made up for the shortage of money by scamming and stealing from unsuspecting individuals they encountered on their travels. They used deception and manipulation to con people out of their money in various schemes and frauds.