irony
The LITERAL meaning would be that something was crushing someone.
The LITERAL meaning is that he makes a mark on something.
The LITERAL meaning is that he makes a mark on something.
denotation
The connotative meaning of enlightening is illuminating. Both of these words have literal meanings which are different from their connotative meanings. The literal meaning of enlightening is making something lighter (less heavy). The literal meaning of illuminating is shining light on.
Emotive force is the overtones of feeling that a word arouses, as something above and beyond the word's literal meaning.
Literal Understanding
The literal meaning of inert is lacking the ability or strength to move. It can also refer to something that is not chemically reactive or chemically inactive.
It is called irony or sarcasm when someone says something with a different or opposite meaning than the literal interpretation.
Can be a metaphor or figurative speech.
allegory
The word lightning derives from "lightening", something which sheds light. But its literal meaning is a visible discharge of static electricity in the sky.