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From the Online Etymology Dictionary (www.etymonline.com):

c.1400, "an end," from M.Fr. finance "ending, settlement of a debt," from M.L. finis "a payment in settlement, fine or tax," from L. finis "end." The notion is of "ending" (by satisfying) something that is due (cf. Gk. telos "end;" pl. tele "services due, dues exacted by the state, financial means." See also fine (n.)). The Fr. senses were gradually brought into Eng.: "ransom" (1439), "taxation" (1489); the sense of "manage money" first recorded in Eng. 1770. Finances "pecuniary resources" is from 1781. Financier is from 1618, originally of Fr. tax farmers; sense of "capitalist" is first recorded 1867.

M.Fr. = Middle French

M.L. = Middle Latin

L. = Latin

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