The interest payment is called the "coupon" and it is usually a fixed amount per year, which is set when the bond is issued. But when you buy a bond on the market for a price that is different from the original face value, the effective interest rate is called the "yield". The reasons why the yield might be different from the coupon rate are described in the related link called Bond yields and coupon.
Effective rate.
Bonds have a predetermined rate of interest called the stated or contract rate, which is established by the board of directors.
The bond's price will be in premium, meaning exceed 100
The contractual interest rate is the rate at which the borrower pays and the investor receives are determined.
Subordination affects the interest rate on a bond because it is unsecured and has lesser priority than that of an additional debt claim on the same asset. It has higher interest rate required to compensate for the higher risk. If interest rate has been increased the price of the bond will fall. If the price of the bond falls, the yield that can be earned will increase.
The interest rate paid on a bond is known as the coupon rate. A $1,000 fixed rate bond with a 5% coupon rate purchased at par would yield $50 annually in interest payments.
Effective rate.
Bonds have a predetermined rate of interest called the stated or contract rate, which is established by the board of directors.
When market interest rates exceed a bond's coupon rate, the bond will:
Know the bond's face value, then, find the bond's coupon interest rate at the time the bond was issued or bought, then, multiply the bond's face value by the coupon interest rate it had when issued, then, know when your bond's interest payments are made, finally, multiply the product of the bond's face value and interest rate by the number of months in between payments.
It is also called variable rate or adjustable rate. It does not have a fixed interest rate over the life of any of these debt instrument: loan, bond, mortgage, or credit.
Since the current market interest rate is higher, it is more attractive to a new investor then the bond with a lower interest rate. Thus, the price of the lower interest rate bond has to decline to be competitive with new bonds in the market.
"Yield" or "YTM" ("Yield to Maturity")
If you are investing in a savings bond, you wish for it to have a high rate of interest. If you are selling savings bonds, you wish it to be at a low rate of interest.
The bond's price will be in premium, meaning exceed 100
The contractual interest rate is the rate at which the borrower pays and the investor receives are determined.
Subordination affects the interest rate on a bond because it is unsecured and has lesser priority than that of an additional debt claim on the same asset. It has higher interest rate required to compensate for the higher risk. If interest rate has been increased the price of the bond will fall. If the price of the bond falls, the yield that can be earned will increase.