Fixed Pric
The type of contract where the contractor bears virtually all the financial risk associated with procurement is typically a Fixed-Price Contract. In this arrangement, the contractor agrees to complete the project for a predetermined price, regardless of actual costs incurred. This shifts the financial risk to the contractor, incentivizing them to manage costs effectively and complete the project within budget. If expenses exceed the fixed price, the contractor absorbs the additional costs.
In the calculation of performance risk for contract types using weighted guidelines, the base typically refers to the total cost of the contract, which includes direct and indirect costs. The cost efficiency factor is then applied to assess how efficiently the contractor is managing those costs relative to the expected performance and risks associated with the contract. This helps in determining the profit/fee objective by evaluating the contractor's ability to deliver on the contract while managing risks effectively. The weighted guidelines facilitate a structured approach to balancing risk and reward in contract pricing.
Credit Risk. Credit risk or default risk evolves from the possibility that one of the parties to a derivative contract will not satisfy its financial obligations under the derivative contract.
A schedule of rates can be the Bill of Quantities (BOQ), where, based on the design issued by or on behalf of the Employer/Contracting Authority, a list with the items will be included, together with their rates. The items will be used when measuring and valuating the works done by the contractor for payment purpose. The BOQ consist of a list with these items described above, the quantity of each item, as estimated by or on behalf of the Employer/Contracting Authority, and the rates included by each bidder at the bidding time. The quantities and the rates allows the bidder to calculate his bid value and the Employer/Contracting Authority to award the contract based (also) on the value of the bid. The BOQ is used in construction contracts where there is a design issued by or on behalf of the Employer/Contractor Authority, which allow the estimation the quantity for each item of work. This will allow the payment of the actual work done by the contractor, at the rates included by the contractor in the BOQ, at the bidding time, and the lowest contract price possible, because the risk of the contractor is the lowest as regards the total cost of the contract. Another kind of contract can be the lump sum contract, when, because the actual quantities of works cannot be estimated due to the lack of the (detailed) design at the bidding time. Sometimes only a preliminary design or even only Employer's specifications exist at the bidding time, and the bidders are to estimate the final cost of the works, and to state which their bid value is. In order to cover the high degree of uncertainty when (detailed) design is not available, the bidders will declare higher contract values, and, therefore, the contract will be awarded with higher accepted contract price. by-sin
Selling calls or puts have unlimited risk, where as buying calls or puts have a maximum risk of 100%. For instance, selling a call gives you unlimited risk because there is no ceiling on how high the price can go. However buying a call has a maximum risk of 100% of the premium you pay, this happens if you let the option expire.
Cost Reimbursement.
In construction the term "unclassified" means the site contractor/GC is responsible for the onsite material. An unclassified site contract puts a great deal of risk on the contractor but is much more costly for the owner of the land.
Technical risk.
The type of contract where the contractor bears virtually all the financial risk associated with procurement is typically a Fixed-Price Contract. In this arrangement, the contractor agrees to complete the project for a predetermined price, regardless of actual costs incurred. This shifts the financial risk to the contractor, incentivizing them to manage costs effectively and complete the project within budget. If expenses exceed the fixed price, the contractor absorbs the additional costs.
fixed price with economic price adjustments
By using a firm-fixed price contract, the contractor is held accountable for any unforeseen risks or additional costs that may arise during the project. This type of contract specifies a set price that the contractor must adhere to, regardless of any fluctuations in the market or unexpected circumstances. It ensures that the contractor bears the responsibility for managing risk and delivers the project within the agreed-upon budget.
It is contractor's all risk policy to be insured by contractor for the work.
A fixed-price contract shifts the risk of cost overruns to the contractor. In this type of agreement, the contractor agrees to complete the project for a predetermined price, regardless of any unforeseen expenses that may arise. If costs exceed the agreed-upon amount, the contractor must absorb the additional expenses, incentivizing them to manage costs effectively and complete the project within budget.
A fixed-price contract shifts the risk of cost overruns to the contractor. In this arrangement, the contractor agrees to complete the project for a set price, regardless of any unforeseen expenses or increases in material costs. This incentivizes the contractor to manage costs effectively, as they will absorb any excess expenses beyond the agreed price.
The probability of the contractor failing to meet the requirements of a potential contract is considered a performance risk. This type of risk pertains to the likelihood that the contractor will not fulfill their obligations as specified, which could lead to project delays, increased costs, or the need for alternative solutions. Performance risks can arise from various factors, including inadequate resources, poor management, or unforeseen circumstances.
The least preferred contract type for the Government is the cost-plus contract. This type of contract places the greatest risk on the Government because it reimburses the contractor for their allowable costs plus an additional fee, which can lead to unpredictable expenses and less incentive for cost control. Consequently, it can result in higher overall costs and diminished accountability for the contractor in managing project expenses.
In the calculation of performance risk for contract types using weighted guidelines, the base typically refers to the total cost of the contract, which includes direct and indirect costs. The cost efficiency factor is then applied to assess how efficiently the contractor is managing those costs relative to the expected performance and risks associated with the contract. This helps in determining the profit/fee objective by evaluating the contractor's ability to deliver on the contract while managing risks effectively. The weighted guidelines facilitate a structured approach to balancing risk and reward in contract pricing.