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If a government owns a business or indeed public utility service, then this business is staffed by civil or public servants and the government ultimately acts as the board of the directors for the business on behalf of the shareholders which are the citizens of the country. Any money made goes into the government coffers and if there is a loss then the tax payer takes the hit.

Politically there are arguments about weather or not governments should own and run businesses and when the political opinion takes a socialist bent, the government may nationalize (buy and take ownership of) private businesses, bringing them into public ownership.

However when political thinking swings the other way, the government sells (by selling shares) its ownership of some businesses to the public and this is called privatization of a business. The money raised goes into the governments coffers and the business and staff are transferred into private sector management.

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