YTM
expected rate of return
They take less risk, theoretically, so they have lower expectations.
Relationship btwn an investor's required rate of return and value pf security
The value of a bond is inversely related to its required rate of return. When the required rate of return increases, the present value of the bond's future cash flows decreases, leading to a lower bond price. Conversely, if the required rate of return decreases, the bond's present value increases, resulting in a higher bond price. This relationship highlights how market interest rates and bond prices move in opposite directions.
required rate of return is the 'interest' that investors expect from an investment project. coupon rate is the interest that investors receive periodically as a reward from investing in a bond
YTM
The three basic factors that influence the required rate of return for an investor are the risk-free rate of return, the expected return from the investment, and the risk premium associated with the investment. Investors typically demand a higher rate of return for riskier investments.
par value
A change in the required rate of return will affect a project's Internal Rate of Return (IRR) by potentially shifting the project's feasibility. If the required rate of return increases, the project's IRR needs to be higher to be considered acceptable. Conversely, a decrease in the required rate of return could make the project's IRR more attractive.
11.04 12.40 13.76 15.00 9.42
An increase in a firm's expected growth rate would normally cause its required rate of return to
The nominal annual rate of return is calculated from the effective interest rate. It is typically a slightly lower percentage, and gives investors an idea of what their investment may return.
On average, the only return that is earned is the required return-investors buy assets with returns in excess of the required return (positive NPV), bidding up the price and thus causing the return to fall to the required return (zero NPV); investors sell assets with returns less than the required return (negative NPV), driving the price lower and thus the causing the return to rise to the required return (zero NPV).
expected rate of return
The required rate of return is the minimum return an investor needs to justify the risk of an investment, while the expected rate of return is the return that an investor anticipates receiving based on their analysis of the investment's potential performance.
Question 4 How does the cost of debt differ from the required rate of return for bondholders?