Call Provision
A noncallable bond is a debenture which the company or institution that issued it cannot force you to redeem before the final call date (i.e. they can't call it). For example, if you purchased a 30-year bond in 2005 with a 4.5% coupon, the issuer today would like to call that bond because they can borrow money more cheaply (i.e. at a lower interest rate). But if the bond is noncallable they cannot do that. The trade-off is that a noncallable bond generally has a slightly lower nominal coupon.
Yield to worst is the lowest potential yield an investor can receive on a bond, considering all possible scenarios. Yield to call, on the other hand, is the yield an investor would receive if the bond is called by the issuer before it matures.
A call provision is advantageous to a bond issuer because it allows them to redeem the bonds before maturity, typically when interest rates decline. This enables the issuer to refinance the debt at a lower interest rate, reducing their overall borrowing costs. Additionally, having the flexibility to call bonds can help the issuer manage their debt more effectively in response to changing financial conditions. Overall, it provides financial flexibility and potential cost savings for the issuer.
A loan made to the goverment is done in the form of a bond. So if you are in the situation where you are loaning to the government it would be called a bond.
A call date is a date on which a callable bond may be redeemed before its maturity.
Call Provision
A callable bond is where the issuer has the ability to redeem the bond prior to maturity. A callable bond is where the bond hold has the ability to force the issuer to redeem the bond before maturity. Hope this helps.
A call-protected bond is a type of bond where the issuer is restricted from redeeming or calling it back before its maturity date. This means that the bondholder can rely on receiving interest payments and the principal amount at maturity without the risk of early repayment.
Yield to maturity assumes that the bond is held up to the maturity date. This is a disadvantage. If the bond is a yield to call , it can be called prior to the maturity date. Thus, the ivestor should sell the callable bond prior to maturity if he expects that he will earn higer return by doing so (in other words when yeild to call is higher than held to maturity).
Yield to maturity means the interest rate for which the present value of the bond's payments equals the price. It's considered as the bond's internal rate of return. Yield to. call is a measure of the yield of a bond, to be held until its call date.
The different types of yields on bonds include current yield, yield to maturity, yield to call, and yield to worst. Current yield is the annual interest payment divided by the bond's current price. Yield to maturity is the total return anticipated on a bond if held until it matures. Yield to call is the yield calculation if a bond is called by the issuer before it matures. Yield to worst is the lowest potential yield that can be received on the bond.
A call provision can make a bond more risky for the investor because it gives the issuer the option to redeem the bond at a predetermined price before maturity, potentially preventing the investor from earning interest for the full term. On the other hand, a sinking fund provision can make a bond less risky for investors as it requires the issuer to set aside money regularly to retire a portion of the bond issue before maturity, reducing the overall outstanding debt and default risk.
---- Depending on the number of days to call (or maturity), coupon rate, and price paid, any bond will have a different yield to worst (the lower of the yield to maturity or yield to call). If you decide to hold the bond to the potential call date or maturity date, the only risk assumed will be the risk of the issuer's default or coupon reset. This risk is qualified by rating agencies, such as Standard & Poor's, with bond ratings like AAA or BB, etc. AAA municipal bonds are commonly insured against the issuer's default. If you want to sell a municipal bond before the maturity or call date, you additionally bear the market risk of price fluctuations. These fluctuations will be mainly due to expectations about future interest rate changes in the market (e.g., Fed Fund Rate by FOMC).
A noncallable bond is a debenture which the company or institution that issued it cannot force you to redeem before the final call date (i.e. they can't call it). For example, if you purchased a 30-year bond in 2005 with a 4.5% coupon, the issuer today would like to call that bond because they can borrow money more cheaply (i.e. at a lower interest rate). But if the bond is noncallable they cannot do that. The trade-off is that a noncallable bond generally has a slightly lower nominal coupon.
Yield to worst is the lowest potential yield an investor can receive on a bond, considering all possible scenarios. Yield to call, on the other hand, is the yield an investor would receive if the bond is called by the issuer before it matures.
Icoliogy