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Gills in fish are highly vascularized to facilitate efficient gas exchange, allowing oxygen to diffuse from the water into the blood and carbon dioxide to exit the bloodstream. The extensive network of blood vessels increases the surface area available for this exchange, enhancing the uptake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. This vascularization also helps regulate the temperature and ion balance in the fish's body. Overall, the structure of gills is optimized for the aquatic environment in which fish live.

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