It doesn't matter if they are or not
Yes, names of countries are capitalized.
No, the names of most herbs are not capitalized
English, as a noun, is capitalized because it is the name of a language. Spanish, French, German, Swahili, etc., are capitalized because they are names. Names of languages/cultures are also capitalized when used as adjectives. For example, "English tea" or "Mexican food."
No, they are common nouns so you only capitalise at the start of a sentence
Yes, protein names are typically capitalized in scientific writing.
No, but the names of individual languages are capitalized.
"Roman" should be capitalized, but "goddess" should not me. The names of Roman goddesses are proper nouns and should be capitalized.
No, generic drug names should not be capitalized in medical writing.
Yes, gene names are typically capitalized in scientific research papers.
No, I read an article about scarlet fever, and it was not capitalized.
Yes, names should always be capitalized.
No it is not as it is not a trade name. Only trade names of medications are capitalized.