Sure. Several of the space probes launched by the USA are not bound
to the Earth or the Sun, and are going through the Milky Way. They'll
cross the Milky Way and leave it completely in a few hundred thousand
years, if they don't bump into something first.
The Milky Way stretches through various constellations, so it does not belong to any one of them.
No, the sun is one of the most important parts of the milky way. If the milky way didn’t have a sun than are universe would not currently be in existenc. The sun would have already exploded if it was not part of the Milky Way .
The Milky Way is important to us because if it was not here, we would have no living organisms on Earth. In a normal galaxy, with no life on it, has harmful gasses that would go right through the thin atmosphere.
You actually have to go through it as part of the story. Team Rocket breaks in through that door, giving you a way through.
Research has made this possible when NASA sent a rocket out and made it out of the Milky Way (our solar system).
We (the carbon units who inhabit the Earth) have named our galaxy the "Milky Way". If there's anybody else out there, we have no idea what they call our galaxy, or whether they care.
Yes, it is not eternal.
When the telescope was made, and when the astronauts could go to space, that was when the Milky Way and the Whole Galaxy theory was proved right.
If you were to get close to the Milky Way galaxy, you would continue to see more stars and gas clouds as you approach it. Ultimately, you would not be in any danger as the Milky Way is a collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.
Go to http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap071020.html
The University of Space Cadets in the Milky Way.
It takes the Sun (i.e., the Solar System) ca. 240 million years to go once around the Milky Way.