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in an ecosystem, if one animal becomes too plentiful, food sources can become scarce for that creature (and animals with similar diets), causing malnutrition, disease, and potentially death of the species within that area. Predators serve to mitigate the species' population, allowing both species to survive.
If there were no predators, the population of the prey would become staggering. For instance, if there were no cats in the barn, the mice would copulate endlessly, make babies, and there would be no higher animal to do population control. There would be an infestation of mice. Then, the population of the prey of mice would dwindle as there are many more predators being created than prey. The population of the prey of mice would flatline, forcing the mice to either starve or find a new food source. The new food source would go the same way as the last source of food the mice had gotten into.

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