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The reproductive system of the female, particularly the placenta which is attached to the uterine wall (the uterus). Maternal blood vessels are "coiled up" next to placental blood vessels and nutrients and oxygen, as well as waste products from the developing fetus, pass the walls of both sets of vessels through a process known as osmosis. Their is probably some active diffusion as well, if I remember correctly, to aid in the transfer of larger molecules. Blood does not typically exchange in large quantities between the mother and baby in a healthy pregnancy, though their may be some incidental exchange, particularly during birth.

The nutrients and oxygen exchanged and given to the infant then travel through the umbilical cord to the developing child.

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