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Sodium Chloride is an ionic salt that has a lattice (crystal) structure composed of alternating sodium cations and negative chloride anions (Na+ Cl-). Water (H2O) is a polar molecule, which means it has an uneven charge distribution (i.e. the oxygen is more negatively charged than the 2 hydrogen atoms that have a slightly positive charge). The negative (oxygen) end of water is attracted to the positive sodium ion in the salt, extracts it from the lattice and more water molecules surround it (i.e. "dissolve" it). The same is true for the positive (hydrogen) end of water and the negative chloride ion in the salt. These positive and negative attractions allow for NaCl to dissolve in water. However, benzene (C6H6) is a non-polar molecule, which means it has an even charge distribution (i.e. no positive or negative sides). Without these charges, the benzene molecule is not really attracted to the salt crystals and thus the salt remains in a crystal form and does not dissolve. S.M.

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