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Bony fish that live in freshwater typically face the challenge of excess water entering their bodies due to osmosis, as the surrounding water is less saline than their bodily fluids. To eliminate this excess water, they utilize specialized kidneys that excrete large volumes of dilute urine. Additionally, they actively absorb salts from their environment through their gills to help maintain osmotic balance. This combination of urinary excretion and salt uptake allows them to thrive in freshwater habitats.

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