Carbon dioxide (CO2).
the name given to the mixture of flour raising agent and liquid is dough.
Dough
You do not at all times need to comply with recipe instructions. However, with some ingredients, there is a given amount because these ingredients are essential to a process during baking or cooking. Some such ingredients are yeast, flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
By measuring the amount of carbon dioxide given off when the baking powder reacts with an acid
co2: carbon monoxide xxx
NaHCO3 + H20 ---> NaOH + H20 + CO2
"DOUGHBOYS" IS A NICKNAME GIVEN TO THE AMERICAN SOLDIER IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR BECAUSE AFTER A LONG MARCH ON A DUSTY ROAD THE MEN WERE COVERED WITH A WHITE POWDER FRON THE ROAD THEY WERE ON AND SOMEONE SAID THAT THEY LOOKED LIKE THEY WERE COVERED WITH BAKING FLOUR HENCE "DOUGHBOYS"
I think you mean baking soda, not baking powder. Anyway, that's not a very good answer. The correct answer isn't that interesting. The answer is that these two substances simply don't react. It takes an acid, vinegar, to react with the base, bicarbonate. An acid neutralizes the base and carbon dioxide is given off. I guess the short, best answer is that alcohol is not an acid.
I don't remember a cost given. He filled the baking powder can and it still wasn't enough so his grandfather made up the difference.
Pastry flour is a relatively low-protein flour that is often called for in making biscuits, cookies, pie crusts, and pastries. The protein content of any given type of flour determines how tender, strong, elastic, stretchy, pliable, etc., the dough is that you make with it, and also the texture of the finished bread, waffle, cookie, croissant, etc. Bread flour, for instance, weighs in between 12% an 13% protein, and helps produce wonderfully well-risen, chewy loaves of bread. Cake flour, at the low end of the spectrum, 5% to 8% protein, is much less elastic, and helps produce wonderfully tender cakes. Pastry flour is up only one notch, at 8% to 9% protein, and lets you create baked goods with a little more body and texture than cake flour, but still with the tenderness one associates with a well-made biscuit or pastry. It can be a challenge to find pastry flour. Even well-stocked supermarkets seldom carry more varieties than cake flour, all-purpose flour (9% to 12% protein), and bread flour. If you can't find pastry flour, you can mix you own by combining cake flour and all-purpose flour in a ratio somewhere between two parts cake flour to one part all-purpose and one part cake flour to one part all-purpose.
If you need a cup of bread flour and do not have it use 1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon wheat gluten (available at health food stores & some supermarkets). If you needa cup of cake flour and do not have it use 1 cup all-purpose flour minus 2 tablespoons.
they are not. they are given crushed or in powder