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Esophagus develops from foregut and by week 10 is lined by ciliated epithelial cells.

-Beginning at 4 months, the ciliated epithelium starts to be replaced by squamous epithelium. At either end of the esophagus the ciliated epithelium gives rise to esophageal glands.

-The upper esophagus is derived from branchial arches 4, 5, and 6, but the derivation of the lower esophagus is not known.

-The development of various elements of esophageal wall requires coordination of a variety of genes and mediators.

-Esophageal peristalsis appears in the first trimester, and gastroesophageal reflux can be documented in the second trimester.

Kimber :)

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