The word "Kosher" Comes from the Hebrew language.
The Torah.
This makes no sense. Some kosher what?
Kashrut refers to the rules of food preparation and consumption, any food that is produced according to these rules is kosher. Kosher is not a style of cooking.
Yes, because Kosher products adhere to strict rules and the rules are similar to those of Islam, such as that of no pork.
Kosher refers to the process of food production. Anything prepared according to the rules of kashrut is kosher.
There are the main rules in Judaism which consist of, Do not murder, only believe in one G-d, i took you out of Egypt, respect your parents, Do not "break" Shabbat (keep shabbat rules), no adultery, and so on.... There are also rules taken from texts my Chachamim (sages) who study it all who come up with rules, like rules concerning Koshrut (keeping kosher.)
Bacalhau can be kosher if it's made following the rules of kashrut. If it's commercially made, it would have to be certified kosher by a recognized kashrut organization.
No, of course not. Most liver is not kosher, just as most meat is not kosher.
You need to call your local Orthodox rabbi so he can come to your house to help you.
None.
Yes.
Hanukkah is a holiday, while "kosher" is an adjective referring to food which is made in accordance with the Torah-rules for preparing food. Celebrating a "kosher" Hanukkah, it would mean that any foods served during the holiday were kosher.